日光温室正压湿帘冷风降温性能及冷负荷计算模型

负压湿帘风机降温被广泛应用于温室生产中,但存在降温均匀性差、限制温室长度及对温室密闭性要求高等不足。为克服负压湿帘风机降温的局限性,提高日光温室降温能力,该研究设计了日光温室正压湿帘冷风降温系统,其气流组织方式为湿冷空气从南屋面底部进入日光温室,热空气由顶开窗排出室外。在北京地区无作物的日光温室对系统夏季降温增湿效果及性能进行试验,试验结果表明:在典型夏季高温白天,正压湿帘冷风降温系统配合遮阳网可将日光温室试验区内平均气温控制在30.7～33.4℃,比采用自然通风配合遮阳网的对照区低5.4～11.1℃,比室外低2.4～5.4℃,降温效果良好;夜间系统对温室降温幅度减小。该系统可有效缓解低湿胁迫,日光温室试验区空气平均相对湿度为49.8%～62.3%,比对照区及室外分别高13.6%～21.2%和13.6%～24.6%。室内风速0.35～1 m/s,气流分布差异性较小。试验条件下,正压湿帘冷风降温系统的平均降温效率为91%,比传统的负压湿帘风机高10个百分点以上;实际平均耗水量为0.035～0.079 g/(m~2·s),且耗水量与室外空气水蒸气饱和压差(VPD,vapor pressure deficit)呈正相关(P0.01,r=0.64)。同时,研究构建了日光温室冷负荷计算模型及湿帘冷风降温设备合理选型方法,其中冷负荷模型是降温设备选型的基础,普遍适用于各种日光温室降温方法的研究。计算得到日光温室夏季降温冷负荷为299.1W/m~2,应安装的正压湿帘冷风降温系统最大比通风量为0.067 m/s。该研究为日光温室正压湿帘冷风降温方法的工程应用提供了技术参考,为日光温室安全越夏生产环境控制提供了理论基础。     

夏季肉牛舍湿帘风机纵向通风系统的环境CFD模拟

为了研究湿帘风机纵向通风系统应用于肉牛舍的夏季降温效果,该试验在现场环境指标实测的基础上,采用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的方法对湿帘风机纵向通风肉牛舍的气流场与温度场进行模拟,并对系统进行改进与优化.模拟时将牛只按与实物原型等比例引入到模型中,结果表明:舍内温度分布均匀,但受牛体挡风的影响,气流分布不均,高风速区主要集中在屋顶及饲喂走道,可达0.9～1.2 m/s;牛活动区域风速较小,均小于0.6 m/s,不能满足饲养标准.在75个风速测定点剔除异常值后,气流场的相对误差范围为0.16％～94.41％,平均相对误差为34.53％,45个温度测点的相对误差范围为0.09％～10.74％,平均相对误差4.71％.通过温度场吻合性结果确定模拟与实测有较好的吻合度.在不改变牛舍围护结构及舍内构造的前提下,对牛舍进行优化,舍内安装导流板,使得温度与气流场的分布均匀性显著提高,降温效果更为显著.该研究可为湿帘风机牛舍的优化设计和环境调控提供参考.     

Potential reduction in water consumption of greenhouse evaporative coolers in arid areas via earth-tube heat exchangers

This study aimed to explore the potential of developing a novel cooling system combining a greenhouse and an earth-tube heat exchanger(ETHE).In this system,greenhouse air is circulated through the underneath soil mass to use the deep-soil cooling effect.This was achieved through the following steps.First,soil temperature profile inside and outside the cultivated greenhouse was monitored for almost one year to study the possibility of using deep-soil coldness for cooling the greenhouse air.Second,a prototype ETHE was built to practically investigate the potential reduction in air temperature as the air flows inside the deep earth pipes.Third,a prototype greenhouse was erected to study the ETHE concept.Results from the first experiment revealed that soil temperature at a soil depth of 2.5 m inside the greenhouse offers good conditions to bury the ETHE.The soil temperature at this soil depth was below the maximum temperature(32℃)that most greenhouse crops can withstand.Results from the prototype ETHE showed a slight reduction in air temperature as it passed through the pipes.From the prototype of the integrated greenhouse and ETHE system,reduction in air temperature was observed as the air passed through the ETHE pipes.At night,the air was heated up across the ETHE pipes,indicating that the ETHE was working as a heater.We concluded from this study that greenhouses in arid climates can be cooled using the ETHE concept which would save a large amount of water that would otherwise be consumed in the evaporative coolers.Further investigations are highly encouraged.     

湿帘-风机降温下的温室热/流场模拟及降温系统参数优化

为提高温室夏季降温环境性能,提出了一种基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的温室湿帘-风机系统的降温环境优化设计方法。采用太阳射线追踪法来模拟太阳辐射对夏季温室内流场环境的影响,并结合温室内作物的多孔介质模型,构建并求解温室三维非稳态模型,模拟了湿帘-风机降温下的温室内部温度场与速度场分布情况。模拟结果与试验测量的温度值和风速值进行了对比,其平均误差分别在4%和6%以内,验证了建立的温室CFD模型的准确性。结合正交试验方法,基于CFD模型对不同温室长度、湿帘面积和风机速度参数条件下的室内降温环境进行了优化设计。根据模拟优化获得的不同配置方案结果,建立了温室长度、湿帘面积和风机速度参数的拟合结果,为夏季华东沿海地区Venlo型温室湿帘-分机降温系统的设计提供了可靠的理论依据。