Influence, optimization, energy budgeting and monetary considerations of different time intervals between fungicidal seed treatment and sowing on Sclerotium blight of soybean

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is susceptible to the fungal pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii from seedling emergence to pod fill. A few systemic and non-systemic fungicides have been recommended as pre-sowing seed treatment (ST) for the management of Sclerotium blight of soybean worldwide. But farmers, especially in developing countries do not utilize ST mainly on account of preoccupation in other practices considered by them essential for sowing. The possibility of ST applied well in advance of sowing was therefore investigated. Results indicated that ST on average increased field emergence by 26.19%, reduced post-emergence mortality (POM) by 49.03% and enhanced seed yield by 23.00%. Seed treatment with carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% @ 0.2% was the best. Seed treatment 50 days prior to sowing was superior by increasing emergence, reducing POM and enhancing seed yield with high monetary returns and energy output.     

25%阿维·福·莠锈悬浮种衣剂病害防效试验

为明确25%阿维·福·莠锈悬浮种衣剂对大豆的安全性及对大豆根腐病和根结线虫病的防治效果,以大豆品种嫩丰20为试材,研究了25%阿维·福·莠锈悬浮种衣剂拌种对大豆根腐病及根结线虫病的防治效果。结果表明:25%阿维·福·莠锈悬浮种衣剂拌种处理对大豆出苗及苗后生长均无药害表现,大豆成熟期一致,相比于空白对照增产显著。25%阿维·福·莠锈悬浮种衣剂药种比为1∶50时,对大豆根腐病及根结线虫的防效均大于70%。     

Effect of some fungicide seed treatments on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybean [Glycine max. (L) Merr.]

Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation.     

拌种灵、叶枯唑和萎锈灵对病菌的毒力机制比较

苯氨基甲酰类杀菌剂是最早开发的一类内吸性杀菌剂 [1 ] ,能有效地防治一些真菌病害 ,持效性长 ,抗药性风险低 [2 ] 。对叶枯唑产生抗药性的水稻白叶枯病菌 ( Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae)对拌种灵同样具有抗药性 [3] 。近年来 ,拌种灵被有效地用于防治果园中柑桔溃疡病 ( X.citri) [4]。目前对噻唑类杀菌剂防治细菌病害的作用机制尚不清楚 ,初步认为这类药剂最初的作用靶点可能与致病性相关因子有关 [3] 。我们对 3种具有相似结构的杀菌剂拌种灵、叶枯唑和萎锈灵在离体条件下对病原菌的毒力机制进行了初步研究 ,同时也对拌种灵防治柑桔…     

40％福美双·萎锈灵种子处理悬浮剂（FS）的研制

[目的]研制40％福美双·萎锈灵种子处理悬浮剂。[方法]按拟定配方制备种子处理悬浮剂,对影响其质量的分散剂、成膜剂、防冻剂、增稠剂、消泡剂和染色剂进行筛选。在该基础上得到了最佳配方,并对按最佳配方制备的样品进行了质量测定。[结果]经初步筛选,分别添加2％MorwetIP与3％Morwet D-425、10％成膜剂B、5％乙二醇、0．2％黄原胶和0．3％硅酸铝镁、0．1％SAG-630、0．4％玫瑰精时,制备的样品效果较好。确定的最佳配方为20％福美双、20％萎锈灵、2％MorwetIP、3％Morwet D-425、0．2％黄原胶和0．3％硅酸铝镁、5％乙二醇、10％成膜B、0．4％玫瑰精、水补足100％,研磨时间为2．5h。该条件下制成的产品各指标均合格。[结论]确定了40％福美双·萎锈灵种子处理悬浮剂的最佳配方。     

萎锈灵在大麦和土壤中的残留及安全性评价

为探明萎锈灵在大麦上的残留特性和安全性,通过田间试验和室内检测,研究了萎锈灵在大麦和土壤中残留的检测方法、萎锈灵在土壤中的消解动态及其在大麦和土壤中的最终残留量。结果表明,本检测方法对萎锈灵的最小检出量为0.002ng,萎锈灵在大麦植株、籽粒和土壤中的最低检测浓度分别为0.005、0.002、0.001mg·kg~(-1),添加回收率分别为78.9%~94.0%、92.4%~98.6%和90.6%~101.3%;相对标准偏差分别为1.3%~7.9%、1.8%~4.7%和0.9%~4.8%。萎锈灵在土壤中的半衰期为6.5~7.1d,药后14d消解率大于93%。400g·L~(-1)萎锈·福美双悬浮剂120、180g a.i.·100kg~(-1)种子拌种,收获期大麦籽粒中萎锈灵残留量均低于0.002mg·kg~(-1),说明400g·L~(-1)萎锈·福美双悬浮剂在大麦上使用是安全的。