湿地保护立法中管理机制的创新实践——以《四川省湿地保护条例》为例

湿地不仅是生物资源生存和发展的重要栖息地之一,而且对维护生物多样性,保持生态平衡,实现人与自然和谐、社会经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。鉴于湿地资源对四川省经济社会发展的重要意义,为切实加强湿地保护,在国家尚无湿地保护单行法律法规的情况下,四川省经过反复立法调研,并借鉴其他省份的经验,出台了这一地方性法规,将湿地保护管理正式纳入法制化轨道。     

Recent progress in conservation of threatened Spanish vascular flora: a critical review

The transfer of legal responsibilities from the Central Government to the Autonomous Communities ended a tradition of paying little attention to endangered Spanish flora. The studies undertaken to implement the European Natura 2000 network, and to prepare regional ‘Red Data Books’ and lists of protected flora offered a much better view of which species were really at risk. As a consequence, a growing number of botanists is now involved in different aspects of conservation biology. The recent publication of a new Spanish Red List of vascular flora has provided the groundwork for the so-called ‘Threatened Flora Atlas’ project, which will update and homogenise the information on 500 taxa at risk. This project will produce a new Spanish Red Book and monitor the status of 40 selected species. The Spanish strategy for plant conservation is discussed, pointing out some deficiencies, such as the neglect of non-vascular taxa, the uneven and sometimes uncoordinated local policies and the uncertain future of some current initiatives.     

图书馆立法的反思：论图书馆的社会地位

图书馆法迟迟没有出台的原因是现阶段图书馆的社会地位没有达到人们期望的高度,从多个角度分析了影响图书馆社会地位的因素,阐明了图书馆没有跟上社会进步的脚步是造成图书馆社会地位低于预期的主要原因。     

河北省特色农业保险实施中的困难与对策

分析了河北省开展特色农业保险的可行性：有政策与法律的支持;已经形成了具有河北特色的农业产品和品牌;保险公司积累了开展农业保险的经验;农户的保险意识显著提高;农业保险需求旺盛。指出了开办特色农业保险面临的困难：目前河北省特色农业保险存在着农民投保意识薄弱、保险公司积极性不高、政府扶持力度小以及法律法规滞后等一系列问题。河北省应采取提高农民保险意识、创新保险产品和服务、加大政府支持力度、健全农业保险立法等措施发展特色农业保险。     

甘肃省农村市场法治建设研究

十八届四中全会指出,社会主义市场经济本质上是法治经济,农村市场经济作为社会主义市场经济的组成部分,农村市场体系的构建和农村市场主体权利的保障,离不开法治的健全。甘肃省农村市场地方特色突出,但是,在实际运行过程中,出现了农村市场主体权利得不到保障,市场执法主体行使权力不规范等问题。因此,为了规范甘肃省农村市场运行机制,就要加强甘肃省农村市场法治建设,建立科学的立法体系,促进执法规范,保障司法公正。     

植物新品种权法律保护及立法完善探究

植物新品种侵权现象与植物新品种权制度法律普及不够和立法存在不足有很大关系。认识植物新品种权的法律保护应重点从品种权保护范围、侵权认定、法律责任以及侵权救济进行准确把握。同时,立法中还存在保护链条不完备、侵权行政管辖级别太高、法定处罚力度不够等问题,应加以完善。     

新农村建设背景下农业保险立法的重要性

从农业保险的特征、农业保险发展的充分必然性、农业保险在社会主义新农村建设中的作用等方面阐述了加强农业保险立法的重要性。     

清末乡村自治立法的百年回顾与启迪

清代末年的变法修律过程中,曾历经数年制定了数部乡村自治立法,主要包括《城镇乡地方自治章程》和《城镇乡地方自治选举章程》等,开启了中国乡村自治立法的历史先河.这些法律规定了乡村自治的区域、居民及其选举资格、组织机构及其职权、选举、经费保障、监督与救济等内容,基本确立了乡村地方自治的主要制度.清末乡村地方自治立法虽难免其局限性,但在立法模式、立法规划、立法内容和立法技术方面有不少做法值得肯定.     

Private native forest policies in New South Wales,Queensland, Victoria and Tasmania

Private native forests in Australia perform a dual production and conservation role, providing an important source of timber, and complementing formal conservation reserves. A comparison of policies for private native forests in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and Tasmania illustrates the scope for timber harvesting, the provision for environmental values, and initiatives for responsible and sustainable forest management. The sustainable management of Australia’s forests requires initiatives by both government and landowners to accommodate changes in community attitudes, new management strategies, integrated catchment management principles and both commercial and non-commercial opportunities for forest use. Of all of the Australian states, New South Wales has the most restrictive laws in terms of forest management and harvesting. Queensland and Victorian legislation have a more commercial focus, while Tasmania has a balance of both environmental and commercial objectives. The duty of care for private native forests is a responsibility that falls to the landholder, and while this should be enforced by legislation, the private provision of community benefits requires both recognition and reward. The presence or absence of incentives potentially determines the effectiveness of forest codes of practice.     

退耕还林还草行政指导的法律界定

退耕还林还草行政指导的出现与运用是市场经济发展的需要,它既是现代行政法中合作、协商、民主精神发展的结果,也是现代市场经济发展过程中对市场调节失灵和政府干预双重缺陷的一种补救方法。我国从2002年开始,陆续对退耕还林还草进行了立法,其中对行政指导内容有不同程度的涉及。文章从退耕还林还草行政指导的定义和特征、退耕还林还草行政指导的方法及基本类型三个方面,试对我国退耕还林还草行政指导作一简述。