Genetic Relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula Using AFLP Markers

Genetic relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula were studied by using AFLP markers. 18 accessions representing 14 cultivars ofPrunus murne var. pendula were selected from the germplasm collection at the Research Center of China Mci Flower. Seven Mse I-EcoR I AFLP primer combinations revealed 450 legible bands, and 269 of which were polymorphic markers. A similarity matrix was prepared using the simple matching coefficient of similarity and Nei‘s (72) distance coefficient. A UPGMA dendrogram demonstrated the genetic relationships of the cultivars. The information given by AFLP markers was basically consistent with the morphological classification and the evolutionary history of the morphotypes, and roughly supported the new revised classification system for Chinese Mci Cultivars. But there were still several exceptions: 1) the ‘Guhong Chuizhi‘ inserted between the ‘Tiaoxue Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Danfen Chuizhi‘; 2) the ‘Wufu Chuizhi‘ kept off the Pink Pendant Form, and the ‘Moshan Chuizhi‘ was removed from Viridiflora Pendant Form; 3) the ‘Danbi Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Shuangbi Chuizhi‘ of Viridiflora Pendant Form got together well but fell within the Pink Pendant Form.     

不同施肥处理对龙爪槐枝叶N、P元素的影响

以7年生龙爪槐为研究材料,分析了不同施肥处理下龙爪槐叶片、一年生枝条及多年生枝条内N、P的含量在一个生长期内的分布变化。结果表明:不同处理下龙爪槐不同部位内N、P含量变化趋势基本一致,且与生长周期相关;在5月中旬和8月中旬对龙爪槐各进行一次合理施肥,有利于龙爪槐营养元素的吸收和生长。     

欧洲白桦引种驯化及遗传效应评价

欧洲白桦（Betula pendula Roth．）为经济价值较高的工业用材和景观美化树种,生态适应性较强,分布广泛．为了丰富我国寒温带用材树种资源和生态城市建设种质资源的遗传多样性,遵循供种区与引种区环境条件相似原则,根据引种区土壤、植被分布、地形地貌和地理位置等主要环境条件,确定与之相适应的供种区．以欧洲白桦为研究对象,在引种驯化的基础上,系统开展家系子代的生长动态规律、变异性、生态适应性和抗逆性分析,综合评价遗传力和遗传增益等遗传参量的遗传效应．结果表明：欧洲白桦家系子代的生长趋势与东北白桦基本上趋于一致,能较快地适应新的生态环境,但生长性状存在一定的变异,其中：树高性状变异较小,地径性状变异较大,当年高生长变异最大,平均变异系数分别为2．50％,27．76％和50．31％．欧洲白桦的家系遗传力较强,遗传增益较高,遗传效应显著,3个性状的家系遗传力分别为0．7623,0．8083和0．6375,遗传增益分别为16．89％,17．97％及25．63％,应用前景广阔．     

Influence of felling season,drying method and within-tree location on the brinell hardness and equilibrium moisture content of wood from 27–35-year-old Betula pendula

The Brinell hardness and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were measured from thinning-aged silver birch wood. Wood material both from the trees harvested in the first commercial thinning and from trees remaining on site after the thinning was included. The average Brinell hardness was 19.40 MPa. It correlated significantly with the basic density of wood. With respect to the distance from the pith, the Brinell hardness of air-dried wood was higher than that of artificially dried wood. The average EMC of the conditioned (20°C, 65% relative humidity) wood was 12.0%. The EMC of the wood also varied, with the EMC being higher for air-dried wood than for kiln-dried wood. EMC was the highest at a distance of 30–40 mm from the pith, decreasing towards both pith and log surface. Seasonal variation in both the Brinell hardness and the EMC of the wood was found. It was presumed to be a consequence of season-dependent physiological changes in trees.     

外源激素对欧洲白桦器官再生与继代培养的影响

欧洲白桦无性系2/86叶柄更容易诱导愈伤组织和不定芽的分化。6-BA的诱导效果好于ZT和TDZ,较适宜的培养基为MS 6-BA1.0 KT0.3 NAA0.01。6-BA质量浓度高与低均影响不定芽的诱导率。欧洲白桦不定芽和嫩茎的增殖过程可分为增殖分化阶段与壮苗阶段,通过控制培养基中细胞分裂素的质量浓度来完成对欧洲白桦试管苗生长状况的调控。     

裂叶桦和欧洲白桦叶片形态特征及相关基因表达特性比较

为了探寻欧洲白桦变种裂叶桦的叶缘分裂机制。以2种桦树为研究对象,在叶片形态特征和解剖特征观测的基础上,进行了顶芽及叶片叶尖、裂片及凹缺等不同组织部位相关基因表达定量分析、内源激素IAA含量测定以及IAA活体标记的GUS染色分析。结果表明,裂叶桦叶片两侧叶缘自叶基到叶尖分裂出由大到小3~4个裂片,叶背面的叶脉呈明显的管状隆起,叶宽、平均二级脉间距、主脉横切面积等分别较欧洲白桦大了21.12%、12.64%、21.46%。BpmiR164s及靶基因的组织表达特性分析结果证明,BpmiR164-2及靶基因BpCUC2与裂片的形成关系密切,是裂叶性状产生的主要调控基因。生长素输出载体BpPINs基因的组织表达特性分析结果证明,6个基因中只有BpPIN2和BpPIN5在裂叶桦的叶尖、裂片及顶芽等组织器官中呈现上调表达。内源激素IAA的活体标记发现,在顶芽、幼叶中IAA的含量较高,而在叶片中,叶尖、叶齿及裂片处是激素的高表达部位,利用液相色谱—质谱联用仪(LC-MS)对2种桦树的上述不同组织部位的生长素测定也证明了激素的上述分布特点。综合上述,裂叶桦裂片产生是激素在叶脉、叶缘的极性运输及相关基因调控的结果。      

种子处理方式对欧洲垂枝桦发芽率及苗木生长的影响

以引进的俄罗斯欧洲垂枝桦种子为材料,研究了冷藏、沙藏和雪藏3种种子处理对欧洲垂枝桦场圃发芽率及苗木生长的影响。结果表明:不同种子处理的场圃发芽率、苗高、地径、地上生物量、地下生物量和全株生物量存在显著差异,种子雪藏处理的场圃发芽率、苗高、地径、地上生物量、地下生物量和全株生物量等指标均优于其他处理,其场圃发芽率、生长量和生物量最高。     

垂枝桦引种育苗试验

2000年，将生长于新疆阿勒泰山区的垂枝桦引种到了加格兰奇地区。经过2a的育苗试验可知，加格达奇的土壤和气候条件能够满足垂枝桦播种育苗的需要，苗木的生长量不低于原产地．可以确定育苗阶段引种已成功。     

桦僵实杯盘菌

本文报道了我国新纪录盘菌—桦僵实杯盘菌Ciboria betulae(Woronin)White。它寄生于桦树种子上。文中叙述了它在新疆的分布、生活史和生境。     

挪威云杉种源及家系种子播种品质的研究

通过对引进的芬兰挪威云杉5个种源和窄冠垂枝挪威云杉10个家系种子播种品质的方差分析和聚类分析研究表明,挪威云杉种源和窄冠垂枝挪威云杉家系种子净度达98％以上。种子的播种品质与地理分布和起源有关。由北向南种子的千粒重增加、发芽率提高、死亡率下降。另外,天然起源的种子播种品质低于种子园的种子。窄冠垂枝挪威云杉因天然分布区域极为狭窄、种群规模过小,导致由其它因素造成的未萌发百分率高。