烟青虫初孵幼虫的高效快速收集方法

比较了常用的烟青虫人工收集方法和新研发的烟青虫初孵幼虫快速收集方法的效果。试验结果表明,与人工收集方法相比,快速收集方法获得初孵幼虫所用时间少,收集的初孵幼虫存活率搞,达96.33%,且收集的幼虫发育更加整齐,雌、雄蛹单头质量(雌蛹295.33 mg,雄蛹284.66 mg)略大;还可节省大量人力,避免了人工挑虫对初孵幼虫的伤害,保障了烟青虫实验种群的大量优质扩繁。     

不同体外培养条件对家兔早期囊胚贴壁行为的影响

采集家兔自然交配后96h的早期囊胚，以低糖DMEM＋150mL／L胎牛血清＋0．1mmol／L非必需氨基酸＋100IU／mL青霉素＋100IU／mL链霉素为基础培养基，比较了不同胚胎处理方法、不同饲养层以及培养液中添加不同成分对兔早期囊胚贴壁和增殖的影响，以完善兔胚胎干细胞的建系方法。结果表明，以胚胎分割法和链霉蛋白酶-E（proteinaseE）处理掉黏蛋白及部分透明带的胚胎容易贴壁和增殖；在小鼠成纤维细胞饲养层和兔胎儿成纤维细胞饲养层上，胚胎的脱带率差别不大，但在小鼠成纤维细胞饲养层上贴壁率明显提高，且贴壁后内细胞团增殖较快；添加胰岛素、白血病抑制因子和伊巯基乙醇均利于抑制ES的分化和促进内细胞团的增殖。     

关于桑蚕(Bombyx mori L.)对人工饮料摄食性的研究──Ⅰ.不同收蚁时间和饲料含水率对小蚕发育的影响

为解决发育不齐的问题，就家蚕不同收蚁时间、不同饲料含水率对家蚕幼虫发育的影响进行了研究。结果发现：①发育整齐度，孵化当天收蚁＞二夜包＞三夜包＞四夜包；②饲料含水率以73％左右为适当．过高或过低都会延缓蚕的发育，影响发育整齐度。     

催青环境及分段收蚁对原蚕性别调控研究

试验结果表明 ,通过改变催青环境和分段收蚁可以人工调控家蚕的性别比例。在原种催青期中高温干燥处理 ,可使原蚕品种 872和鲁玉 蚕比例分别提高 1 3 %和 2 4% ,达极显著和显著水平 ;对原蚕 795和871品种分段收蚁 ,第 1天可提高♀性比例 1 0 %～ 2 0 % ,最后一天 (第 3天 )提高 蚕比例 ,795品种最高为2 8%～ 3 6% ,达极显著水平。     

由猪囊胚内细胞团分离胚胎干细胞的研究

以 PMEF为饲养层培养猪 7～ 9日龄囊胚分离 ES细胞 ,ICM初次传代时间为 4～ 7d,ES细胞传代时间为 4～ 5 d,ES细胞传至 1～ 5代的胚胎数分别为 1 2 (1 8.8% ) ,8(1 2 .5 % ) ,5 (7.8% ) ,3(4 .7% ) ,2 (3.1 % ) ,并进行体外分化和 AKP染色鉴定。对影响猪 ES细胞分离与克隆的因素进行比较 ,结果表明 :(1 ) 9和 1 4日龄小鼠胎儿 PMEF饲养层培养 9日龄猪囊胚 ,贴壁率 (83.3% ,88,9% ) ,ICM形成率 (75 .0 % ,77.8% )和 1代 ES细胞克隆率(2 5 .0 % ,2 2 .2 % )无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。 (2 ) 7,8和 9日龄胚胎随胚龄增加 ,胚胎贴壁率 (5 .9% ,5 7.1 % ,87,9% )和 ICM形成率 (0 .0 % ,2 8.6 % ,81 .8% )升高 ,差异显著 (P<0 .0 1 )。(3) 9日龄囊胚直径 0 .8～ 1 .2 m m培养36～ 4 8h贴壁 ,贴壁率 1 0 0 % ,ICM形成率 1 0 0 % ;直径 >1 .2 mm囊胚贴壁时间为 4 8～ 72 h,贴壁率 5 7.1 % ,ICM形成率 5 7.1 % ,差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。去除直径 >1 .2 m m囊胚部分滋养层细胞培养 36～ 4 8h,贴壁率 91 .7% ,ICM形成率 83.3% ;(4 )添加外源 L IF没有提高贴壁率 (86 .4 % ,90 .9% ;P>0 .0 5 )和 ICM形成率 (81 .8% ,81 .8% ;P>0 .0 5 )     

人类胚胎干细胞与小鼠囊胚嵌合的探讨

【目的】探讨人类胚胎干细胞(Human embryonic stemcells,hESCs)能否在小鼠胚胎环境中生存并参与其各个组织器官的分化,为hESCs与小鼠囊胚嵌合的可行性研究提供依据。【方法】将154枚受精后3.5 d(3.5days postcoitum,3.5 dpc)ICR品系小鼠囊胚随机分为3组:试验组(注射hESCs)、模拟注射组(注射针仅刺破透明带及滋养层细胞,但不注射细胞和溶液)及对照组(未注射),于注射后培养24 h统计囊胚完全孵化率。将稳定转染增强绿色荧光蛋白(Enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)的含有9~15个hESCs的小细胞团块,显微注射入3.5 dpcICR品系小鼠囊胚腔内,注射后分别于3,24,48,69,77,94和116 h,在普通荧光显微镜下观察EGFP阳性细胞的定位与动态分布情况,并将嵌合体胚胎移植入假孕母鼠子宫内,分别于移植后第4天和第6天处死孕鼠,普通荧光显微镜下观察EGFP阳性细胞在整个小鼠胚胎中的分布情况。【结果】注射后24 h,试验组和模拟注射组的囊胚完全孵化率分别为73.6%和77.1%,均极显著高于对照组(38.3%)(P<0.01),有88.9%(32/36)的胚胎中的hESCs迁移并定位在小鼠内细胞团(ICM)及其临近的滋养层细胞上;体外培养48 h后,EGFP阳性细胞数进一步减少;116 h后,只有1枚胚胎仍残留3~4个EGFP阳性细胞,且散在分布于ICM克隆之外。体内发育试验结果显示,将43枚注射后的嵌合体囊胚移植入6只代孕母鼠子宫内,获得了22枚脱膜,有17枚脱膜中含有胚胎,其中形态正常胎儿14枚,没有胚胎含有EGFP阳性细胞。【结论】hESCs很难与小鼠囊胚正常嵌合。     

澳洲淡水龙虾受精卵到仔虾营养物质变化分析

摘要：为探究澳洲淡水龙虾受精卵发育到仔虾过程中营养物质变化情况,本研究分别对澳洲淡水龙虾前无节幼体期、复眼色素形成期、孵化准备期受精卵及初孵仔虾的营养成分组成进行了系统性分析,研究表明：水分含量随着受精卵逐渐发育成仔虾而显著升高(P<0.05),粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量则随发育过程而显著降低(P<0.05),灰分含量以初孵仔虾最高(P<0.05);总氨基酸(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)和呈味氨基酸(DAA)均随发育过程而显著降低(P<0.05);在AAS模式下,受精卵和初孵仔虾第一限制性氨基酸均为Met+Cys,受精卵第二限制性氨基酸为Leu,初孵仔虾第二限制性氨基酸为Ile。在CS模式下,受精卵和初孵仔虾第一限制性氨基酸也是Met+Cys,前无节幼体期受精卵第二限制性氨基酸为Val,复眼色素形成期之后的受精卵和初孵仔虾第二限制性氨基酸均为Ile。受精卵和初孵仔虾的EAAI随着受精卵发育到初孵仔虾而显著降低(P<0.05)。澳洲淡水龙虾受精卵和初孵仔虾共测出主要脂肪酸10种,初孵仔虾的PUFA及DHA含量显著低于受精卵(P<0.05),EPA+DHA含量却显著高于受精卵(P<0.05)。综上,澳洲淡水龙虾初孵仔虾灰分及EPA+DHA含量显著高于受精卵,故在澳洲淡水龙虾仔虾开口饵料配制中可考虑适当提高磷酸二氢钙及EPA+DHA添加量。     

Effects of resveratrol treatment on mitochondria and subsequent embryonic development of bovine blastocysts cryopreserved by slow freezing

This study evaluated the effects of cryopreservation by slow freezing on the mitochondrial function, DNA integrity, and developmental ability of bovine embryos and examined whether resveratrol treatment of the frozen‐thawed blastocysts improved embryonic viability. In vitro produced bovine embryos were subjected to slow freezing. After thawing, the ATP content and mitochondrial DNA integrity (mtDNA), determined by real‐time PCR targeting short and long mitochondrial sequences, was found to be lower in frozen‐thawed embryos than in fresh embryos, and mtDNA copy number was significantly reduced during the 24‐hr incubation post warming. Furthermore, immunostaining against double‐strand DNA revealed DNA damage in frozen‐thawed embryos. When frozen‐thawed embryos were incubated in the medium containing 0.5 µM resveratrol, SIRT1 expression, and survival rate of the embryos significantly improved compared with the vehicle‐treated embryos. In addition, cell‐free mtDNA content in medium was higher in case of resveratrol‐treated embryos than of vehicle‐treated embryos. In conclusion, slow freezing affects mitochondrial integrity and function in the blastocysts. In the frozen‐thawed embryos, mitochondria were removed during post‐thawing incubation and resveratrol enhanced the process, resulting in improved survivability of the embryos.     

不同冷冻方法对牛体外胚胎ATP含量与ROS水平的影响

【目的】探讨冷冻保存对牛体外生产胚胎能量代谢、有氧代谢造成的影响。【方法】采用常规法或玻璃化法（open pulled straw,OPS法）冷冻保存牛体外受精（in vitro fertilization,IVF）囊胚和体细胞核移植（somatic cell nuclear transfer,SCNT）囊胚,利用ATP Bioluminescence Assay Kit HS II 和 GENMED ROS Assay Kit检测了冷冻-解冻后囊胚ATP含量和ROS水平。【结果】（1）IVF和SCNT囊胚OPS法冷冻-解冻后存活率（（93.25±5.17）%和（77.56±3.52）%）均显著高于常规冷冻法（（81.25±4.98）%和（49.41±2.24）%）（P＜0.05）;（2）IVF囊胚和SCNT囊胚OPS法冷冻-解冻后ATP含量（（0.63±0.05）和（0.33±0.02）pmol）均显著高于常规冷冻法（（0.45±0.03）和（0.22±0.01）pmol）（P＜0.05）;但是均显著低于相应的IVF或SCNT新鲜囊胚（（0.76±0.04）和（0.40±0.02）pmol）（P＜0.05）;（3）玻璃化冷冻IVF囊胚、SCNT囊胚ROS水平（（74.34±4.24）和（43.21±3.35）cps）高于新鲜IVF囊胚（（48.52±2.65）cps）、SCNT囊胚（（27.36±2.23）cps）（P＜0.05）,常规冷冻组则与此相反（（35.61±4.32）和（16.56±2.52）cps）（P＜0.05）。【结论】玻璃化冷冻较适用于牛IVF、SCNT囊胚冷冻保存;玻璃化冷冻和常规冷冻均显著影响牛IVF囊胚、SCNT囊胚中ATP含量和ROS水平。     

A comparison of the fatty acid profiles of adult tissues,and newly hatched,fed and starved Lysmata amboinensis larvae

This study evaluated the lipid content and fatty acid (FA) profile of the hepatopancreas, ovaries and tail muscle of Lysmata amboinensis broodstock, as well as newly hatched larvae subjected to a period of starvation or feed from hatch to Zoea 2. The hepatopancreas had a high lipid content, confirming its role as a process and storage organ in L. amboinensis. Lipids were also a major component of ovarian dry weight, in agreement with reports on other crustaceans during maturation. The tail muscle, being a functional rather than a storage organ, contained low total lipids and was the tissue that closely resembled the FA profile of the newly hatched larvae. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were the most abundant components of the lipid profiles in broodstock and larvae. The HUFAs docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic were preferentially retained during nutritional stress, confirming their importance for marine cleaner shrimp during early larval development. It appeared polyunsaturated fatty acid and HUFA requirements were met through the larval diet. The SFAs stearic and palmitic were abundant in adult tissues and larvae, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids may have been preferentially catabolized to meet energetic and metabolic larval requirements.