维药阿育魏果中总黄酮提取工艺及含量测定

[目的]探讨阿育魏果中总黄酮的提取方法及含量测定方法。[方法]采用正交试验,以提取的总黄酮的含量为评价指标,紫外可见分光光度法测定总黄酮含量。[结果]超声法提取阿育魏果中总黄酮的含量为10.378%,相对标准偏差为2.38%(n=3)。最优工艺如下:时间为15 min,功率为150 W,料液比为1∶20,乙醇浓度为70%。上述4个因素对阿育魏果中总黄酮提取率的影响从大到小依次为乙醇浓度、料液比、超声功率和超声时间。[结论]超声提取阿育魏果中总黄酮快速且高效;紫外外分光光度法准确度较高,偏差较小。     

SD大鼠Barrel脑区氧化酶活性区域及其特殊细胞构筑研究

【目的】确定控制大鼠胡须感觉的大脑皮质Barrel脑区的氧化酶活性区和该区的细胞构筑,为研究大脑皮质功能奠定基础。【方法】用多聚甲醛固定后的SD鼠脑组织修块、切片,应用氧化酶酶组织化学法及尼氏染色和尼氏复染等方法定位了SD鼠Barrel脑区,并观察了其脑区特殊的细胞构筑。【结果】SD鼠Barrel脑区定位结果表明,控制SD鼠胡须感觉的Barrel脑区高氧化酶活性区域位于皮层下约405~720μm;脑区的神经细胞成特殊的环状分布,通常在控制1根胡须的Barrel桶内同时包括数目不等的亚结构,亦成类似的环状排列,在这些小圆环状亚结构中包含有排布规则的高活性氧化酶细胞。【结论】Barrel脑区的精细排布及其内部存在的圆环状细胞亚结构,提示这些结构在感觉皮层神经网络运作中发挥着重要作用。     

常绿阔叶树种小果卫矛引种北京的抗寒性比较研究

为了丰富北京冬季植物景观,于2003年从山西省垣曲县引进常绿阔叶树种小果卫矛,并以大叶黄杨、北海道黄杨、胶东卫矛、小叶黄杨和女贞为对照,采用形态观测法与电导法对其进行抗寒力分析测定。结果表明：小果卫矛有较稳定的电导率,其叶片半致死温度高于大叶黄杨、胶东卫矛和女贞,枝条半致死温度高于大叶黄杨和女贞,在北京可露地引种种植;利用电导法测定的抗寒性与越冬形态表现的观察结果一致。     

维药阿育魏实总多糖的提取工艺研究

[目的]通过正交试验探讨提取维药阿育魏实总多糖的最佳提取工艺,为资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据.[方法]以水为溶剂回流提取,采用苯酚-浓硫酸法显色,采用紫外分光光度法（UV）测定阿育魏实中总多糖的含量,并进行方法学验证.[结果]维药阿育魏实总多糖的最佳提取工艺为提取温度90℃、提取时间3h、料液比1∶50、提取次数1次;标准品溶液和供试品溶液均在488 nm处有最大吸收,总多糖溶液浓度在0.002 5 ～0.012 5 mg/ml线性关系良好（r=0.999 3）;精密度试验、稳定性试验、重复性试验和加样回收率试验的RSD值分别为0.6％、0.5％、0.069％和0.9％,同时得到阿育魏实多糖平均提取率可达3.41 mg/g.[结论]该方法具有操作简单、重复性好、灵敏度高,适用于阿育魏实中总多糖含量测定.     

Evaluation of the erythroid regenerative response in two different models of experimentally induced iron deficiency anemia

Anemia was induced in weanling Sprague Dawley rats either by feeding an iron-deficient diet or by chronic phlebotomy. The erythroid regenerative response was then evaluated before and after a hemolytic event, and results were compared with those of a third group of control nonphlebotomized rats fed an iron-replete diet. Diet and phlebotomy groups developed a similar degree of anemia (mean hemoglobin concentration 7.9 g/dL and 7.8 g/dL, respectively; controls, 13.9 g/dL) and hypoferremia (mean serum iron concentration 25.4 microgram/dL and 34.9 microgram/dL, respectively; controls, 222.0 microgram/dL). However, the anemia in diet rats was nonregenerative (reticulocyte count, 83.1 X 10(3) cells/microliter) and associated with bone marrow erythroid hypoplasia; whereas the anemia in phlebotomy rats was regenerative (reticulocyte count, 169.6 X 10(3) cells/microliter) and associated with bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia. Thrombocytosis was seen in diet rats (1,580 X 10(3) cells/microliter) but not phlebotomy rats (901 X 10(3) cells/microliter) when compared with controls (809 X 10(3) cells/microliter). To further evaluate the regenerative capability, phenylhydrazine (PHZ) was administered to induce hemolysis. Erythrocyte mass declined approximately 25% in all groups, including controls. The reticulocytosis (265.3 X 10(3) cells/microliter) seen in phlebotomy rats was earlier and significantly greater than that seen in either diet or control rats. Hemoglobin concentration returned to pre-PHZ concentrations (7.9 g/dL) in phlebotomy rats within 4 days posthemolysis. In diet rats, the maximal regenerative response (176.3 X 10(3) cells/microliter) was not seen until 8 days posthemolysis, and hemoglobin (7.5 g/dL) did not return to pre-PHZ concentrations during the 8-day study. In many aspects, the anemia seen following diet- or phlebotomy-induced iron deficiency was similar. However, the erythroid regenerative capability varied depending on the mechanism by which anemia was induced and furthermore altered the efficiency of hemoglobin production following a hemolytic event. These results suggest that the availability of iron in the diet may modulate the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia.     

地顶孢霉培养物对大鼠生长性能、血清与肝脏抗氧化及免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究地顶孢霉培养物对大鼠生长性能、血清与肝脏抗氧化以及免疫指标的影响。选用体重相近的SD大鼠40只,随机分成5组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只大鼠。5组分别是对照组和4个不同地顶孢霉培养物剂量组(10、50、250和1 250 mg/kg BW组),连续灌胃21 d。结果表明:地顶孢霉培养物极显著提高大鼠的平均日增重(P0.01);提高了大鼠肝脏指数、胸腺指数;提高了大鼠血清中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量,降低了谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活力和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量;提高了血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,同时提高了肝脏中的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)含量;提高了血清免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M含量,同时提高血清和肝脏中白介素-4(IL-4)含量,降低白介素-1β(IL-1β)和白介素-17(IL-17)含量。综合各项指标,地顶孢霉培养物能够提高SD大鼠平均日增重,改善血清生化指标,提高大鼠机体抗氧化能力和免疫能力,其中以250 mg/kg BW的添加量为最佳。     

基于均匀设计法评价东北雷公藤对油松毛虫的触杀活性

[目的]为利用东北雷公藤开发防治森林病虫害的新型植物源农药奠定基础。[方法]采用均匀设计法研究了不同浓度的东北雷公藤鲜根乙醇、乙酸乙酯浸提液和水蒸汽蒸馏液对油松毛虫的触杀致死率。[结果]由24h的毒力回归方程可知,乙醇浸提液对油松毛虫的触杀活性高于水蒸汽蒸馏液。由48h的毒力回归方程可知,水蒸汽蒸馏液对油松毛虫已无触杀作用,仅乙醇浸提液对油松毛虫仍有较好的触杀作用。由72h的毒力回归方程可知,乙醇浸提液对油松毛虫仍有显著的触杀活性．当乙醇浸提液的质量浓度为32．5mg／L时,72h后油松毛虫的校正死亡率可迭94．3％。乙醇浸提液对油松毛虫的48和72h致死中浓度分别为7．6035和7．4520mg／L。[结论]东北雷公藤根中含有对油松毛虫具有显著触杀活性的物质。     

Erythrocyte osmotic fragility and general health status of adolescent Sprague Dawley rats supplemented with Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous calyx extracts as neonates followed by a high‐fructose diet post‐weaning

High‐fructose diets (HFD) can cause oxidative damage to tissues including erythrocyte cell membranes. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) has protective antioxidant properties. Rats were used to investigate whether the consumption of HS by neonates would result in long‐term effects on their erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and general health when later fed a high‐fructose diet post‐weaning through adolescence. Eighty of four‐day‐old Sprague Dawley rat pups were divided randomly into three treatment groups. The controls (n = 27) received distilled water at 10 ml/kg b. w, while the other groups received either 50 mg/kg (n = 28) or 500 mg/kg (n = 25) of an HS aqueous calyx extract orally till post‐natal day 14. The rats in each group were weaned and divided into two subgroups; one continued on normal rat chow, and the other received fructose (20% w/v) in their drinking water for 30 days. Blood was collected in heparinised tubes and added to serially diluted (0.0–0.85%) phosphate‐buffered saline to determine the EOF. Clinical markers of health status were determined with an automated chemical analyser. HS extracts did not programme metabolism in the growing rats to alter their general health and EOF in response to the HFD.     

S100蛋白在动情周期大鼠子宫中的分布

【目的】研究S100蛋白在动情周期SD大鼠子宫中的分布情况及其变化规律。【方法】采用阴道涂片方法将16只雌性SD大鼠分为动情前期、动情期、动情后期和动情间期4组,处死各组大鼠取子宫制作石蜡切片,采用免疫组织化学超敏感法(Streptavidin-Peroxidase,SP),研究S100蛋白在大鼠动情周期子宫中的分布规律。【结果】S100蛋白免疫阳性产物在各期子宫各层中均有不同程度的分布,主要定位于子宫内膜上皮细胞、腺上皮细胞、基质细胞、血管内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、肥大细胞、平滑肌细胞及成纤维细胞中。S100蛋白免疫阳性产物在动情周期子宫内膜、肌层和外膜中的表达变化规律一致:动情前期着色最弱,动情期着色最深,动情后期着色变浅,动情间期着色又加深,表达呈双峰变化趋势。【结论】S100蛋白在动情周期SD大鼠子宫中的表达具有一定规律,可能受性类固醇激素的调节。