5个竹种林下土壤营养元素含量比较

[目的]比较不同竹种林下土壤的营养元素含量。[方法]在福建农林大学百竹园内选取大明竹、牡竹、角竹、花巨竹和大木竹5个竹种,分别于春、夏、秋、冬4个季节对其林下土壤进行"S"型多点采样,对其氮、磷、钾含量进行测定。[结果]大明竹、牡竹、角竹、花巨竹和大木竹5个竹种林下土壤的营养元素含量皆较高,但各竹种之间的营养元素含量有显著差异,且各竹种在不同季节的营养元素含量也有明显差异。其中大明竹林下土壤的营养元素含量最高,且最为稳定,牡竹相对较差。[结论]在福建地区,大明竹对营养元素的产生及维系稳定具有良好的能力,可成为该地区城市观赏用竹及发展林下经济的优良竹种。     

不同采收季节对叶用芥菜类黄酮物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响

 以10个不同基因型叶用芥菜为试材, 研究了不同采收季节对其总酚含量、类黄酮含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明春季采收的总酚含量、抗氧化活性显著高于冬季采收的。叶用芥菜含有槲皮素和山奈素两种类黄酮化合物, 春季采收的槲皮素和山奈素含量高于冬季采收的。基因型间总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量及抗氧化活性均存在较大的差异, 并与生长季节有极显著的互作关系, 表明生长季节对不同基因型叶用芥菜酚类物质积累和抗氧化活性有较大的影响。总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量分别与抗氧化活性呈极显著和显著正相关。     

Influence of growing season and donor plant age on anther culture response of some pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.)

The effects of growing season and donor plant age on anther culture in Capsicum were investigated. Pepper cultivars Kekova and Sera Demre 8 were grown under unheated greenhouse conditions in winter season and field conditions in summer season. Flower buds were collected and cultured in weekly intervals from November to May in winter and from April to December in summer. The results of this study indicated that anthers from these two pepper genotypes gave different embryogenic response to seasonal effects. Kekova cultivar gave the highest embryogenic yield in summer season while this was occurred in winter season for Sera Demre 8 cultivar. The results of the study revealed that the effect of donor plant age was also an important factor in anther culture of pepper. Since 4-month-old plants gave the highest embryo yield in both cultivars in each seasons, it is possible to say that anthers collected from old plants have sufficient embryogenic response when the optimum developmental stage is selected.     

广西不同植被类型地表径流的研究

1982—1989年,采用定位对比对不同植被类型的地表径流量及动态进行了观测研究。结果表明:1.不同植被类型的地表径流差异很大,草坡>针叶林>阔叶林或针阔混交林;区内各植被类型的径流系数较小,平均为0.78％,但各类型间差异很大,可达57倍强。2.地表径流的季节动态,主要受降水的季节分配规律制约;而不同植被类型的地表径流量主要受植被的树冠群体或植物群体、枯枝落叶层和土壤层的综合效能所决定。这种综合效能呈现阔叶混交林或针阔混交林大于针叶林、针叶林大于草坡地的规律。文中还建立了不同植被类型地表径流深与林外降雨量的回归模型。     

Effect of Season on Travel Patterns and Hoof Growth of Domestic Horses

Four Morgan mares and five Morgan geldings ranging in age from 5- to 12-years-old were fitted with Global Positioning System units to determine if season has an influence on travel pattern. Body and hoof growth measurements were obtained so that the influence of season on body condition and hoof growth could be determined. Waist and heart circumference, cresty neck score, and body condition score were determined in each season. The ambient temperature and precipitation was recorded for each season. Waist circumference was the greatest (P < .05) in the spring and summer and the least in the fall and winter. Hoof growth was the greatest (P < .05) in the fall and the least in the winter. The front and rear hooves grew at similar rates in all horses. Hoof growth in geldings and mares were also similar. The average distances traveled were similar across seasons; however, the horse did numerically travel more in the spring and summer compared with the fall and winter. The range of the travel pattern was influenced by season with the horses traveling significantly less in the winter, although the average travel distances were similar. In conclusion, season in temperate zones will influence body condition, hoof growth, and pattern of travel, but the total distance traveled will be similar. Further research needs to be conducted to determine the influence of season on hoof growth and travel patterns.     

黄河源区黑土滩人工草地牧草植物量及营养动态研究

对黄河源区黑土滩人工草地在封育和放牧两种不同管理方式下,从8月到翌年的4月进行了地上植物量及牧草营养成分动态研究,结果表明:从8月到翌年4月牧草的自然损失量为138.7g/m~2,损失率为34.3%,家畜的采食量为174.9g/m~2,草地的实际利用率为43.3%;整个冷季牧草总体营养价值呈下降趋势,封育草地粗蛋白降低了56.87%,粗脂肪降低了51.09%。该类草地在夏季属碳氮营养型(CN),冬季属碳营养型(C)。     

季节对山羊胚胎移植中卵巢及胚胎发育的影响

[目的]探究季节对山羊胚胎移植的影响。[方法]以波尔山羊与槐山羊、豫西白山羊的杂交后代为试验材料做胚胎移植试验,研究相同的处理方案、季节对卵巢及胚胎发育的影响。[结果]卵巢发育以繁殖季节为好,全部为良等级以上,其中好等级占66.7%,非繁殖季节没有好等级,只有良、一般等级;繁殖季节超排的卵泡基本都已排卵,达到84.2%以上,非繁殖季节超排的卵泡数量虽不少,但是排卵形成黄体的少,仅有33.3%;繁殖季节里冲出的胚胎发育到了桑椹胚至早期囊胚阶段,非繁殖季节冲出的胚胎发育到了8~16细胞期。[结论]山羊胚胎移植存在季节性因素的影响,相同的处理方案下,繁殖季节与非繁殖季节超排后卵巢发育存在差异,胚胎发育程度也存在差异。     

高原夏季无公害西芹专家系统的开发与应用

介绍了甘肃省首次研发的高原夏季无公害西芹专家系统的开发过程、主要技术及系统功能。该系统在金昌市永昌县示范,示范田西芹平均产量为12.915万kg/hm2,较对照增产19.9%,产值达51660元/hm2,较对照增值9360元/hm2。     

南方红豆杉扦插繁殖技术研究——Ⅰ.基质、季节与生物措 施对扦插繁殖的影响

试验研究基质、季节和生物措施对南方红豆杉扦插生根、扦插苗生长和叶绿素含量的影响结果表明,以河沙和珍珠岩按8∶2混配苗床基质最佳,其绿苗率、生根率及成苗率分别为86 .0 %、84 .3%和81.7% ,显著高于其他3种苗床基质;其次为河沙和火烧土混配苗床基质>黄土>单一河沙苗床基质。季节和生物措施效应显示第4季度为扦插最佳时期,扦插效果显著优于其他季节,且扦插后拌种黄豆显著优于未拌种黄豆对照组     

Effect of season, location and fire on Collembola communities in buttongrass moorlands, Tasmania

Collembola of buttongrass moorlands in Tasmania were surveyed monthly over a 12 month period, using sweep nets and pitfall traps, at two locations, one at 760 m and the other at 325 m altitude. At each location, there were two pairs of sites with each pair straddling a fire boundary. The younger regrowth sites had been burnt less than 12 years previously and the older regrowth sites burnt more than 24 years previously. Nearly 30,000 individuals were collected belonging to 42 taxa. Most Collembola were identified to morphospecies with virtually all mature specimens identified to genus level and immature specimens recognised to family level. Three named species were recorded. Genera with Gondwanan (41%) and cosmopolitan (33%) distributions dominated the Collembola of buttongrass moorlands. The Collembola communities differed significantly between locations and this, in part, reflected differences in vegetation. Brachystomellidae, Odontellidae, Paronellidae, Katiannidae n. gen. and Sminthurididae were more common at the high altitude sites where the vegetation contained more grasses and sedges and occurred on relatively fertile soils. Parakatianna spp., cf. Tomocerura spp., cf. Drepanura sp., Sminthurinus spp. and Rastriopes sp. were more common at the low altitude sites where the vegetation contained more shrubs and occurred on relatively infertile soils. The Collembola community differed significantly between seasons with one group of taxa being more common in autumn and/or winter (Acanthomurus spp., cf. Tomocerura spp., Paronellidae, Lasofinius spp., Polykatianna cf. aurea, Parakatianna spp., Sminthurinus spp. and Katianna spp.) and another group of taxa more common in summer or summer and autumn (Odontellidae, cf. Drepanura sp., Rastriopes sp., Corynephoria sp. and Dicyrtomidae). We found some evidence of a difference between Collembola communities in the two ages of regrowth we compared but only for the low altitude sites. Polykatianna cf. aurea, Parakatianna spp., Sminthurinus spp., cf. Tomocerura spp. and Rastriopes sp. were caught in lower numbers on young regrowth sites compared with old regrowth sites. We also present data from another low altitude site where we used a space-for-time design to further investigate the impact of fire on Collembola. We found a significant positive relationship between age of buttongrass regrowth and the number of Rastriopes sp. caught and this was correlated with the ground cover of plant species within the family Myrtaceae.