The effect of dietary crude protein concentration and inulin supplementation on nitrogen excretion and intestinal microflora from finisher pigs

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was used to investigate the interaction between dietary crude protein (CP) concentration (200 vs 140 g/kg) and inulin supplementation (0 vs 12.5 g/kg) on nitrogen (N) excretion and intestinal microflora from 16 boars (n = 4, 74.0 kg live weight). The diets were formulated to contain similar concentrations of digestible energy and lysine. Pigs offered the high CP diets had a higher excretion of urinary N (P < 0.01), faecal N (P < 0.01) and total N (P < 0.001) than the pigs offered the low CP diets. Inulin supplementation increased faecal N excretion (P < 0.05) and decreased urine: faeces N ratio (P < 0.05) compared to the inulin free diets. There was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of dietary treatment on N retention. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between dietary CP concentration and inulin supplementation on caecal E.coli. Pigs offered the diet containing 200 g/kg CP plus inulin decreased the population of E.coli compared to the inulin supplemented 140 g/kg protein diet. However, CP concentration had no significant effect on the population of E.coli in the unsupplemented diets. Inulin supplementation increased caecal bifidobacteria (P < 0.01) compared to the inulin free diets. In conclusion, inulin supplementation favourably altered N excretion and lowered the population of E.coli at high CP concentrations.     

猪苓生长土壤中微生物区系初探

通过比较猪苓生长土壤与自然土壤（非猪苓生长土壤）中微生物区系,从猪苓生长土壤和自然土壤中各自分离得到6种主要类型的菌,猪苓生长土壤中细菌、纤维素分解菌和固氮菌的菌落数较多,霉菌次之,放线菌、酵母菌较少。自然土壤中细菌的菌落数较多,放线菌、酵母菌、霉菌次之,固氮菌和纤维素分解菌较少。猪苓生长土壤中纤维素分解菌的菌落数比自然土壤高3个数量级,固氮菌高2个数量级,霉菌高1个数量级,而放线菌、酵母菌和细菌则低1个数量级。而后又从2种土壤中各自分离纯化出5种已知的霉菌,分别为青霉属、交链孢霉属、毛霉属、根霉属、曲霉属,以及未鉴定出的其他霉菌,并且猪苓生长土壤中各霉菌数量都高于自然土壤,青霉属最为明显。猪苓生长土壤中合理的微生物比例,对猪苓人工种植产量和品质的提高均具有积极意义。     

青贮微生物及其对青贮饲料发酵品质影响的研究进展

青贮微生物在饲料发酵过程中起关键作用。无论是牧草表面附着的微生物还是外源添加的微生物菌剂在青贮发酵过程中对青贮微生物的群落结构及其演替过程都起着重要的作用,而青贮发酵过程中微生物的群落结构及其演替过程与代谢产物很大程度上影响着青贮饲料的发酵品质。本文阐述了青贮微生物群落结构,微生物在青贮过程中的演替及其对青贮饲料品质的影响。从目前研究结果来看,不同牧草及同种牧草生长在不同环境中其表面附着微生物存在很大差异。添加乳酸菌对提高青贮品质效果不稳定,还需了解牧草附着微生物特性决定是否需要接种乳酸菌以得到优质青贮饲料。     

南疆温室和菜地土壤微生物学特性比较

对阿拉尔垦区使用 1 0年以上的温室和菜地土壤农化性质、土壤微生物区系、土壤微生物活性进行初步分析。结果显示 :温室土壤NO3 N含量、总盐含量明显高于菜地 ,pH也略有下降 ,土壤存在次生盐渍化的威胁。两种不同利用方式的土壤微生物区系均以细菌占绝对优势 ,说明细菌是土壤物质分解的主要参与者 ,微生物区系变化趋势与土壤肥力相似。温室土壤由于NO3 N含量、总盐含量增加 ,因而微生物活性下降     

Effects of Supplemental Histamine on Gastric Acid Secretion, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Microfloral of Early Weaned Piglets

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of supplemental histamine in the diet ofearly-weaned piglets. In experiment A, 24 cross bred piglets with an average body weight of 6.10±0.40 kg,weaned at the age of 28 days, were divided into four groups, fed with basal diet of low dietary copper without(control) or with supplemental histamine at 60, 120, 180 μg kg-1 BW. During the two weeks and the thirdweek after weaning, ADG(average daily gain) of piglets were increased by 15.8% (P＜0.05), 9.5% (P＜0.10) by addition of 60 μg kg-1BW histamine, but decreased by addition of 180 μg kg-1BW histamine, whichalso increased the amount of E. coli in colon and the scour incidence. The secretion of gastric acid and pepsinwere improved by both dose of supplemental histamine (60, 180 pg kg-1BW) and gastric digesta pH were de-creased by both. Addition of 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine improved the activities of trypsin, amylase in duodelumdigesta. In experiment B, 12 cross bred piglets with an average body weight of 6.85±0.35 kg, weaned at theage of 28 days, were divided into two groups, fed with basal diet of high dietary copper without (control) orwith supplemental 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine. During the two weeks and the third week after weaning, ADG ofpiglets were increased by 9.8% (P＜0.05), 7.0% (P＜0.10). The secretion of gastric acid, activities oftrypsin and amylase in duodelum digesta, were also improved by addition of 60 μg kg-1 BW histamine. The re-sults showed that addition of histamine (60 μg kg-1 BW) in early weaned piglets could increase the secretion ofgastric acid and pepsin, reduce gastric digesta pH and scour incidence, improve activities of trypsin, amylasein duodelum digesta, and the growing performance of early weaned piglets.     

苹果表面微生物数量及其与两种主要病菌的关系

对新收获及市售的8个品种苹果表皮微生物区系的分析表明,每克苹果表皮上细菌和真菌的含量分别为4.87 × 10~3CFU—7.38X10~5CFU和2.63X10~2CFU—4.75X10~2CFU.经分离纯化后得到细菌菌株273个,真菌菌株75个.以苹果贮存期两种主要病菌炭疽病菌和轮纹病菌为指示菌进行抑菌测定,得到拮抗性细菌菌株77个,真菌菌株20个.对其中拮抗性强的9个菌株在人工接种条件下测定,表明它们对苹果贮藏病害有不同程度防治作用,其中NA—W42和K'B—X71对轮纹病防治效果分别达96.3%和88.9%,PG—Wlla对炭疽病防治效果达55.6%.     

肉仔鸡饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)效果的研究

研究了两种不同枯草芽孢杆菌对660只艾维茵肉仔鸡的生产性能和对仔鸡肠道微生物菌群的影响。试验将仔鸡随机分为4组:不饲喂药物添加剂的对照组、添加乳酸—粪链球菌的正对照组及添加不同枯草芽孢杆菌的两个试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ。 结果表明,添加枯草芽孢杆菌可使三周龄仔鸡体重略高于对照组,但差异不显著。添加枯草芽孢杆菌A16的试验组Ⅱ的饲料转化效率比对照组显著提高(P<0.05);试验组Ⅰ与对照组相比,可显著地增加肠道中有益菌(乳酸杆菌)的数量(P<0.05),减少有害菌(沙门氏菌)的数量(P<0.01),但对大肠杆菌数量的影响不显著。     

海水鱼消化道菌群结构研究进展

从海水鱼消化道结构、消化道菌群结构、消化道菌群功能及消化道菌群结构研究手段等几个方面综述了海水鱼消化道菌群结构的研究进展。指出海水鱼消化道菌群结构受到生长发育阶段、养殖环境及饵料变化等因素的影响。论述了正常消化道菌群的重要功能,比较分析了目前消化道菌群结构不同研究手段,阐明了消化道微生物分子生态学研究的学术价值。为筛选高效、专一性、可定植性的海水鱼益生菌奠定了基础。     

醒发过程中菌相变化对面团生化指标及青麦仁馒头感官品质的影响

为提高青麦仁馒头蒸制品质,以青麦仁面团为研究对象,通过研究其醒发过程中菌相变化,探讨其与面团醒发过程中生化指标（水分含量、TTA、pH）及青麦仁馒头感官品质的相关性。结果显示,随着面团醒发时间的延长,醋酸菌数量及总酸呈缓慢升高趋势,pH呈下降趋势;酵母菌、乳酸菌的数量先升后降,在醒发40min时达到最大值,此时含水量最高。相关性分析表明,面团醒发过程中菌相与生化指标及青麦仁馒头感官品质均具有相关性。其中,菌落总数与pH呈极显著相关（p＜0.01）,与含水量、总酸及感官评分呈显著相关（p＜0.05）;酵母菌与pH、含水量及感官品质呈极显著相关;乳酸菌与感官评分呈极显著相关;醋酸菌与pH、总酸呈极显著相关。面团醒发40min时蒸制的青麦仁馒头感官评分最高,达82.75分;对青麦仁馒头感官品质影响最大的是酵母菌和乳酸菌。     

Influence of Enterococcus faecium SF68 Probiotic on Giardiasis in Dogs

Background: Giardiasis is a common, potentially zoonotic disease, and dogs often harbor and shed cysts without showing clinical signs. Treatment with the probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 has been shown to stimulate mucosal and systemic immunity in a variety of animal models and in young dogs, and to reduce giardial cyst and antigen shedding in rodents.
Hypothesis: Adult dogs with chronic naturally acquired giardiasis will have decreased giardial fecal cyst and antigen shedding and increased innate and adaptive immunity after 6 weeks probiotic treatment with E. faecium SF68.
Animals: Twenty adult dogs.
Methods: After a 6-week dietary equilibration period, dogs were randomized to receive E. faecium SF68 or placebo for 6 weeks, and then crossed over to the alternate treatment. We measured cyst shedding, fecal giardial antigen, fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration, and circulating leukocyte phagocytic activity at multiple timepoints to determine the effect of E. faecium SF68 on giardiasis and immune responses in these dogs.
Results: No differences were observed between placebo or E. faecium SF68 treatment for giardial cyst shedding, fecal antigen shedding, fecal IgA concentration, or leukocyte phagocytic activity.
Conclusions: Short-term treatment with E. faecium SF68 of dogs with chronic naturally acquired subclinical giardiasis fails to affect giardial cyst shedding or antigen content and does not alter innate or adaptive immune responses.