传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫母鸡后子代雏鸡外周血液的B细胞和免疫球蛋白含量变化

应用免疫SPA菌体花环法和间接ELISE法对传染性法氏囊病（IBD）疫苗免疫母鸡后，其子代雏鸡外周血液B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量进行了动态研究。结果发现：IBD疫苗免疫后，其子代雏鸡外周血液B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量均不同程度地高于未免疫的相应对照雏鸡，表明IBD疫苗免疫母鸡后，其子代雏鸡外周血液的体液免疫功能明显增强。而传染性法氏囊病超强毒株攻击子代雏鸡后，未免疫子代雏鸡外周血液的上述各项指标均明显低于疫苗免疫的子代雏鸡，这与IBDV感染雏鸡后，其体液免疫中枢器官法氏囊严重损害，淋巴细胞变性坏死等有关，也是导致感染雏鸡免疫抑制的基础。     

抗猪瘟免疫球蛋白在猪初乳中变化规律研究

以猪瘟弱毒疫苗免疫空怀母猪,待母猪分娩后,分别收集10d内的乳汁,以建立的间接ELISA法检测猪瘟IgA、IgG、IgM水平,并观察各种抗体动态变化规律。试验结果表明,猪初乳中的IgA、IgG、IgM抗体效价均在分娩当天达到最高值,随后迅速下降,7d后抗体水平与常乳基本一致(>0.05)。对照组母猪仅在分娩当天检测到较低的抗体水平。     

几种黏膜免疫佐剂对鸡小肠IgA分泌细胞的影响

分别在新城疫Ⅳ系弱毒苗中添加黏膜免疫佐剂乳酸杆菌、CpG DNA、重组IL-2、氟化钠和大豆黄酮，经口免疫鸡后，研究十二指肠、空肠、Peyer’s斑单位面积IgA分泌细胞的变化。首先提纯鸡IgA和制备兔抗鸡IgA血清，然后应用免疫组化技术显示鸡小肠IgA分泌细胞。结果表明，在免疫后第3周、第5周乳酸杆菌组比新城疫组（ND）极显著增加各段小肠IgA分泌细胞的数量（P〈0．01）；CpGDNA、重组IL-2和大豆黄酮在整个免疫期内均明显增加鸡小肠黏膜局部IgA分泌细胞数量；NaF对鸡体黏膜局部IgA分泌细胞数量无明显增加。结果表明乳酸杆菌、CpGDNA、重组IL-2和大豆黄酮是有效的口服黏膜免疫佐剂。     

Correlation of gene modification between histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation and DNA methylation in IgA nephropathy patients

AIM: To investigate the correlation of gene modification between histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation and DNA methylation in IgA nephropathy patients. METHODS: H3K4 trimethylation variations were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 40 IgAN patients and 40 healthy controls by the method of chromatin immunoprecipitation linked to microarrays (ChIP-chip). ChIP real-time PCR was used to validate the microarray results. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to analyze mRNA expression. DNA methylation in 4 selected positive genes was analyzed by the method of methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (MeDIP-qPCR). RESULTS: IgAN patients displayed higher H3K4 trimethylation level and lower DNA methylation level than those of the healthy controls. There were significant differences in DNA methylation and H3K4 trimethylation of 4 selected genes between IgAN patients and the healthy controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our studies indicate that significant alterations of H3K4 trimethylation and DNA methylation exist in IgAN patients. There is a correlation of gene modification between DNA mathylation and histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation in IgAN patients.     

感染鸡传染性贫血病毒的雏鸡新城疫疫苗免疫后局部体液免疫球蛋白含量变化

本试验对感染鸡传染性贫血病毒（ＣＩＡＶ）雏鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）疫苗免疫及其强毒攻击后，其泪液、气管液、肠液和胆汁的免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ含量的动态变化进行了检测。结果发现，感染雏鸡泪液的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ和气管液的ＩｇＧ及胆汁的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ含量均于接种ＮＤ疫苗后７～２８天明显低于未感染ＣＩＡＶ的免疫对照雏鸡；泪液的ＩｇＭ和气管液的ＩｇＡ含量在ＮＤ免疫后１４～２８天明显降低；肠液的ＩｇＡ和ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ含量分别于免疫后７～１４和７、１４天也显著减少。表明ＣＩＡＶ感染雏鸡对ＮＤ疫苗免疫的局部体液免疫应答能力降低。ＮＤ强毒攻击后，ＣＩＡＶ感染ＮＤ免疫雏鸡泪液、气管液、肠液和胆汁的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ含量及免疫保护率，均明显低于未感染ＣＩＡＶ的免疫对照雏鸡。     

新城疫La Sota、V4疫苗免疫鸡和免疫攻毒鸡的特异性IgA抗体动态变化规律比较

应用间接ELISA对新城疫LaSota、V4疫苗免疫鸡及免疫攻毒鸡的IgA抗体动态变化进行了测定和比较。试验表明，LaSota和V4免疫鸡泪液中特异性IgA均在免疫后第5天出现，8天开始明显升高，与血清中IgG出现时间相似，免疫后21天达到高峰。LaSota免疫鸡的泪液IgA抗体水平略高于V4免疫鸡；而两免疫组哈德氏腺(HG)中的特异性IgA高峰出现较迟。免疫攻毒鸡泪液中的特异性IgA抗体水平均先呈短暂的升高，之后下降的趋势，而HG中的IgA则首先表现降低，之后很快升高，5天后趋于下降，两攻毒组差异不显著，对IgA回忆应答均不明显。     

益生菌与ND疫苗协同对雏鸡局部黏膜组织抗体生成细胞数量的影响

为探明益生菌能否增强新城疫(newcastle disease,ND)疫苗局部黏膜组织的免疫效果,雏鸡分别于ND疫苗免疫后第0,7,14,21天及新城疫病毒(newcastle disease virus,NDV)攻击7d后或死亡前,采用免疫组织化学方法测定盲肠扁桃体、哈德氏腺和十二指肠派伊尔结的IgA,IgM,IgG抗体生成细胞数量的动态变化.结果发现:益生菌协同ND疫苗组雏鸡局部黏膜的IgA,IgM,IgG抗体生成细胞数量分别在免疫后7d明显高于ND疫苗单独免疫雏鸡(P<0.05);NDV攻击后,益生菌ND疫苗免疫雏鸡的局部黏膜组织抗体生成细胞数量无统计学差异(P>0.05),表明益生菌是疫苗的理想佐剂之一.     

Effect of dietary addition of seaweed and licorice on the immune performance of pigs

In pig production, dietary additive antibiotics are usually used for growth stimulation and disease prevention, although there is public concern about the increased incidence of resistant antibiotics and food safety. It is possible that such antibiotics might be replaced by naturally derived products such as seaweed and licorice. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dietary addition of seaweed and licorice on enhancing the immune function in swine. The animals of each group (eight animals per group) were sensitized at day 42 and 49, and the immunoglobulin production and the expression of cytokines were detected by the ELISA and real‐time PCR. As the results, saliva IgA production of the seaweed‐treated group increased around five times compared to that of control (day 56). Delayed hypersensitivity reaction and IgG production of the seaweed‐treated group increased around 1.8–2.0 times. In addition, enhanced saliva IgA production was detected at day 50 (around two times) and day 51 (around five times) by the licorice treatment, and lower expression level of tumor necrosis factor‐α messenger RNA at day 51 (around 1/25) was observed in the licorice treatment. We conclude that the replacement of antibiotics by naturally derived dietary additives might be feasible for immune system enhancement.     

大肠杆菌MM—3基因工程活菌苗免疫母猪血清及乳清中抗K_(88ac)及LTB抗体动态

以MM-3基因工程活菌苗口服免疫妊娠73d、83d、103d母猪各4头,口服及肌注免疫妊娠92d母猪各5头,用间接BA-ELISA法检测血清及乳清中IgG、IgA和IgM型抗K_(88ac)及LTB抗体的动态变化.结果表明,无论口服还是肌注免疫母猪,抗K_(88ac)及抗LTB抗体均极显著增高.肌注以IgG增加为主,口服以IgA增加为主.肌注免疫IgG型抗K_(88ac)抗体滴度极显著地高于口服免疫(P<0.01);口服免疫IgA型抗LTB抗体滴度显著高于肌注免疫(P<0.05).口服及肌注免疫乳清中抗K_(88ac)及抗LTB抗体滴度很高,达1:3200～204800,但在1周内即降低,约减少一半(约3～5个滴度),2～3周内各型抗体下降缓慢,维持在对照组周内水平,4周后达最低水平.妊娠不同时期口服免疫,其血清中抗K_(88ac)抗体的动态变化相似,但乳汁中抗体则差异非常明显,妊娠83d和92d免疫组IgG、IgA和IgM均显著增加,且高于103d组(P<0.01)和73d组(P<0.05).口服免疫的最佳时间为分娩前26～30d,肌注免疫最佳免疫时间为分娩前21d.