肉鸡腹水综合征的心电图学研究进展

近年对肉鸡腹水综合征的研究已取得进一步的认识 ,在研究肺动脉高压的同时更注意具有潜在作用的心脏病变的研究。家禽的心脏传导系统比较特殊 ,它含有一个返回分支束 ,使右房室瓣受传导神经的支配。当右房室瓣不受传导神经的支配时 ,瓣膜功能不全而引起右心室容量过大 ,可介导右心室肥大。心电图描记是研究肉鸡腹水综合征发病机理的有效手段之一。文章系统地阐述了肉鸡心脏的形态结构和传导系统的特点以及几种肉鸡腹水综合征试验模型的心电图学特征、肉鸡的心脏病理变化与心电图学特征之间的关系     

A Syndrome Resembling Idiopathic Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension in 4 Young Doberman Pinschers

We describe 4 young male Doberman Pinschers (3 littermates and 1 unrelated dog) with a syndrome resembling idiopathic or noncirrhotic portal hypertension of humans. Each dog was evaluated for a hepatopathy resulting in portal hypertension, development of portosystemic collateral vessels, and hepatic encephalopathy. These dogs differ from previous reports of young dogs with hepatic insufficiency associated with portal hypertension and acquired portal systemic shunting by their lack of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistulae, portal vein atresia, or intrahepatic fibrosis. Clinicopathologic features included erythrocyte microcytosis, normal to mildly increased liver enzyme activities, increased concentrations of serum bile acids, reduced plasma indocyanine green clearance, and normal total bilirubin concentration. Abdominal ultrasonography disclosed a small liver and portosystemic collateral vessels. Radiographic imaging studies confirmed hepatofugal portal circulation and discounted hepatic arteriovenous fistulae. Histopathologic features in liver tissue from each dog were similar and consistent in all sections examined. Common findings included increased cross-sectional views of hepatic arterioles; hepatic lobular atrophy; scanty increase in connective tissue around some large portal triads; and absence of inflammation, disturbed lobular architecture, bile duct proliferation, or intrahepatic cholestasis.     

Long-term palliation of right-sided congestive heart failure after stenting a recurrent cor triatriatum dexter in a 10½-year-old pug

A 10½-year-old, male neutered, pug presented with increasing ascites over two months. Echocardiography revealed cor triatriatum dexter with no concurrent cardiovascular anomalies, subsequently confirmed by computed tomography angiography. Balloon dilation of the perforated intra-atrial membrane under fluoroscopic guidance resulted in the transient resolution of all clinical abnormalities, but six months later stenosis and ascites recurred. After repeated balloon dilation, a stent was placed across the membrane. The dog remains asymptomatic fourteen months after the second procedure. One noteworthy feature of this case is the onset of congestive heart failure due to a congenital defect only at more than 10 years of age.     

昆明地区肉用仔鸡腹水症病理观察及病因初探

 通过临床观察、理化和细菌检查、系统病理剖检和病理组织学观察等方法,描述了昆明地区发现的肉鸡腹水综合症,结果表明:肉鸡腹水症是由缺氧所致,以肝腔积液、右心衰竭(RHF)、大循环淤血、肺、肝病变和实质细胞变性为其主要病理变化。     

高钠所致肉用雏鸡肺动脉高压模型的心电图学研究

本试验用心电描记法对３组共２８５羽健康ＡＡ肉鸡从８日龄开始分别饮用含氯化钠０．０％、０．１５％、０．３０％的饮水所致内用雏鸡肺动脉高压综合征进行了研究,结果表明：（１）实验组的右心室和全心室的重量比（ＲＶ／ＴＶ）较对照组显著增坑。（２）回归分析表明ⅡａＶｐ导联波波幅的变化与ＲＶ／ＴＶ和的变化呈强负相关。（３）对照组、实验Ⅰ组、实验Ⅱ组分别有０．０１％,６．２５％,２８．７５％鸡发展成临床型腹水。因     

养殖大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)腹水病的病原多样性及其耐药性分析

为了解引起养殖大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)腹水病的病原多样性及其耐药性情况,针对2002-2010年由不同地区病样分离的27株细菌性病原进行了16S rDNA鉴定,并采用K-B法测定了27株细菌对22种抗生素的耐药性,分析了病原菌的耐药谱及耐药率变化.结果显示,大菱鲆腹水病病原菌主要有大菱鲆弧菌(Vibrio scophthalmi)、迟钝爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)、鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)、假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas espejiana).山东青岛地区以大菱鲆弧菌为主,威海地区以迟钝爱德华氏菌为主,烟台地区菌株种类分布平均.5类细菌对青霉素类、头孢菌素类、大环内酯类、复方新诺明耐药率高于50％.只有1株迟钝爱德华氏菌对氟苯尼考产生了耐药,其余菌株对其均没有耐药性,且在长期使用中不易产生耐药性,证实氟苯尼考为当前防治腹水病的一种良好抗菌药物.27株病原菌的耐药谱数量为27个,每个菌株具备自己独特的耐药谱,74.1％的菌株对10种以上的抗菌药物产生了耐药性,均有多重耐药性.     

中草药方剂“运饮灵”预防肉仔鸡腹水综合征的试验

将 5～ 45日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成三组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在饲料中拌合中草药方剂“运饮灵”Ⅱ号及Ⅲ号粉剂、Ⅰ组为对照组不拌药物。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肉鸡腹水症死亡率分别为 5.5％、 0.5％和 3.5％,统计分析,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组间死亡率差异显著 (t=2.143, p0.05)。试验表明,运饮灵Ⅱ号预防肉鸡腹水综合征有显著的效果。     

正常鸡、亚临床腹水鸡和腹水鸡肺外动脉舒张反应性的比较

采用离体血管环技术比较了正常鸡、亚临床腹水鸡和腹水鸡的离体肺外动脉对乙酰胆碱(ACh)的内皮依赖性和对硝普钠(SNP)的非内皮依赖性舒张反应性。结果显示:在苯肾上腺素(PE)预收缩后,正常鸡、亚临床腹水鸡和腹水鸡的肺外动脉对ACh和SNP均表现出浓度依赖性舒张反应。低ACh和SNP浓度时,三者的舒张反应相差不明显,高浓度时,腹水鸡和亚临床腹水鸡的舒张反应性明显比正常鸡低。3 3×10-6ACh可使正常鸡肺外动脉舒张百分数达100%,亚临床腹水鸡和腹水鸡仅分别为83 12%和80 84%;3 3×10-7SNP使正常鸡肺外动脉舒张百分数达98 17%,亚临床腹水鸡和腹水鸡仅分别为70 46%和71 65%。亚临床腹水鸡和腹水鸡肺外动脉对PE的收缩反应比正常鸡强。结果表明肺动脉高压肉鸡肺外动脉对ACh的内皮依赖性和对SNP的非内皮依赖性舒张反应都下降,对PE的收缩反应性增加。结果初步证明肺外动脉舒张反应性下降及收缩反应性增加与肉鸡肺动脉高压的形成有关。     

Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in body cavity effusions in dogs

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has potent angiogenic, mitogenic, and vascular permeability enhancing properties specific for endothelial cells. VEGF is present in high concentrations in inflammatory and neoplastic body cavity effusions and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neoplastic and inflammatory effusion formation. In this study, VEGF was quantitated by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) in samples of pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal effusions (N = 38) from dogs (N = 35) with neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. VEGF was detected in 37 of 38 effusions (median, 754; range, 18-3,669 pg/mL) and was present in much higher concentrations than in previously established normal concentrations for canine plasma (median, < 1 pg/mL; range, < 1-18 pg/mL) or in those previously noted in the plasma of dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA; median, 17 pg/mL; range, < 1-67 pg/mL). In 4 dogs with HSA, the concurrent plasma VEGF concentration was much lower than in the abdominal effusion (P = .029). No significant correlation was demonstrated between VEGF effusion concentration and effusion total protein content or nucleated cell count. Mean VEGF concentrations were significantly higher in pericardial (median, 3,533; range, 709-3,669 pg/mL) and pleural effusions (median, 3,144; range, 0-3,663 pg/mL) compared to peritoneal effusions (median, 288; range, 18-2,607 pg/mL; P < .05). There was no marked difference demonstrated between effusions associated with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of VEGF in body cavity effusion formation in dogs.     

肉仔鸡腹水综合症的营养调控

本文对肉仔鸡腹水综合症的几种主要诱发因素(包括遗传、饲养环境和饲料营养等)和日粮营养(包括能量、蛋白质和氨基酸、维生素和微量元素、L-肉碱和泛醌等)调控研究进行了综述,重点介绍了L-肉碱或/和泛醌的调控作用可能是通过维持线粒体呼吸链酶活,改善线粒体功能,增强能量代谢和抗氧化功能,从而降低肉仔鸡对腹水综合症的敏感性.