提高阅卷与试题分析速度的有效方法探讨

分析了核对、打孔、光照透明、光电机器阅读和扫描等几种快速手工和自动阅卷评分方法。采用我校目前广泛使用的“成绩记载”中的浮动“阅卷面板”鼠标点击，以及自动阅读机与“成绩记载”间的“数据转换”程序，可大大提高成绩录入、成绩分析和试题分析速度。     

上黄村草地生态系统能流和物流的初步研究

上黄村草地土壤生态系统能量投入主要是动力投入,无营养物质投入。人工草地能量产出占总能量产出的50％以上,而面积仅占总面积的20％～52％；草地能量投入具有起伏性,产出具有波动性。草地土壤生态系统营养物质移出是草地土壤肥力退化的根本原因,无营养物质投入的人工草地更加剧了营养物质的迁出及土壤肥力的退化。     

信息化、社会网络与农户农资购买渠道选择——基于公司直销与农资零售店的比较

农户购买农资时面临多样化的购买渠道,而信息化与社会网络是影响农户农资购买渠道选择的重要因素。本文利用陕西、甘肃、山东和云南四省农户调研数据,比较了公司直销与农资零售店两种购买渠道的差异,运用二元 Logit 模型和中介效应模型,分析信息化与社会网络对农户农资购买渠道选择的影响。结果表明,农户选择公司直销与农资零售店的比例分别为10.1%和89.9%,即大多数农户选择农资零售店购买农资。信息利用对农户选择公司直销渠道具有显著正向影响;从亲戚和朋友两个维度测量社会网络,发现宗族型社会网络对农户选择公司直销渠道产生了正向影响,朋友圈型社会网络影响不显著;农户农资市场信息认知在信息利用促进农户选择公司直销渠道中发挥部分中介效应。因此,政府应加强农村信息基础设施建设,培养农户信息利用能力。公共信息供给过程中扩大宣传对象群体,促使信息在农户社会网络中有效扩散传播。建设农资企业与农户间有效的信息交流平台,打破信息壁垒,从而帮助农户改进农资购买决策。     

Soil available potassium affected by rice straw incorporation and potassium fertilizer application under a rice–oilseed rape rotation system

Data from 147 field trials were collected to study the influence of straw incorporation on soil potassium (K) under an intensive rice–oilseed rape rotation system, while pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of rice straw incorporation on soil K availability. A significant correlation was observed between the soil available K and the relative yield (RRY) and the relative K uptake (RKU) of oilseed rape, with R² values ranging from 0.07 to 0.08 and from 0.10 to 0.11, respectively, when data were fitted to a logarithmic equation model. In approximately 30% of trials, RRY reached 90%, while soil test available K values were below the critical limit, indicating that soil K values at the time of sampling (within 1 week of rice harvest) underestimated the actual soil K supply capacity. The pot experiment results showed that soil available K was affected by straw incorporation and soil type in the fallow period. The NH₄OAc‐K and NaBPh₄‐K concentrations of soils increased at first, and then, plateaued after 28 days. Straw incorporation significantly influenced the critical soil K concentration, which is important for making accurate K fertilizer recommendation. These results suggested that straw K should be seriously considered in making K fertilizer recommendations. Extending the sampling time from 1 to 3 weeks after the harvesting of rice to stabilize the effects of straw incorporation may help achieve a more accurate evaluation of soil available K.     

Carbon Depletion by Plowing and its Restoration by No‐Till Cropping Systems in Oxisols of Subtropical and Tropical Agro‐Ecoregions in Brazil

The continuous use of plowing for grain production has been the principal cause of soil degradation. This project was formulated on the hypothesis that the intensification of cropping systems by increasing biomass‐C input and its biodiversity under no‐till (NT) drives soil restoration of degraded agro‐ecosystem. The present study conducted at subtropical [Ponta Grossa (PG) site] and tropical regions [Lucas do Rio Verde, MT (LRV) site] in Brazil aimed to (i) assess the impact of the continuous plow‐based conventional tillage (CT) on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock vis‐à‐vis native vegetation (NV) as baseline; (ii) compare SOC balance among CT, NT cropping systems, and NV; and (iii) evaluate the redistribution of SOC stock in soil profile in relation to soil resilience. The continuous CT decreased the SOC stock by 0·58 and 0·67 Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ in the 0‐ to 20‐cm depth at the PG and LRV sites, respectively, and the rate of SOC sequestration was 0·59 for the PG site and ranged from 0·48 to 1·30 Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ for the LRV site. The fraction of C input by crop residues converted into SOC stock was ~14·2% at the PG site and ~20·5% at the LRV site. The SOC resilience index ranged from 0·29 to 0·79, and it increased with the increase in the C input among the NT systems and the SOC sequestration rates at the LRV site. These data support the hypothesis that NT cropping systems with high C input have a large potential to reverse the process of soil degradation and SOC decline. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On Determinative Parameters of SDOF Systems in Elasto- plastic Earthquake Response

Parameters dominating elasto- plastic earthquake response of SDOF systems,relation between ground motion amplitude and elasto- plastic response of SDOF systems are presented in this paper.     

农业机械化主要制约因素的制度创新研究

农业机械化是农业现代化建设的重要内容，其发展受很多因素的影响和制约。其中，耕地规模化经营是农机化发展的必要条件，资金投入是农机化发展的财政基础，农村剩余劳动力转移规模是农机化发展的客观前提。为此，在广泛研究国内外文献资料的基础上，提出了土地、资金和劳动力转移制度创新的建议和对策。     

基于移动端作物大田测试数据采集技术研究与实现

作物品种田间测试是评价、筛选新品种不可或缺的关键环节，是品种大规模推广应用的主要依据。育种单位每年试验小区数量巨大，单一育种公司每年新产生大约1 000万个数据点，依靠传统的人工纸质录入效率低、错误率高。针对测试数据田间野外录入的特点，研究设计了一套高效的测试数据快速录入、及时传输的技术方案，并详细介绍了客户端与服务器数据交互融合、拍照采集条码、数据分块存取等关键技术。该系统进行了Windows Mobile 6.1及以上多个手机平台的应用测试，结果表明此方法是高效可行的。     

Fuel consumption as indicator of the economics in mechanization

After a brief discussion of production functions as models for input/output relations in forest work operations, studies of the cost of machine use are reviewed. It is suggested that the fuel consumption of a forest machine can be used as a parameter for assessing the true, total cost of using a machine, exclusively the wage of the operator. Fuel then is not only an input but also represents all other cost items such as capital (depreciation, interest), repairs and maintenance. This has the advantage that all machines in a system can be aggregated and their costs assessed by an easily quantified parameter. Capital (in the form of machines) in production functions, through which the optimum mix of labour and machines for minimizing the cost per unit of production is determined, can be substituted by fuel. It is also suggested that fuel consumption can be used in management as an aggregate indicator in planning, control, remuneration of work and forecasting.