超微气泡增氧灌溉对水稻生育特性及产量的影响

以常规粳稻秀水09和杂交籼稻两优培九、国稻6号为试验材料,在2007和2008年采用大田试验,研究了超微气泡增氧灌溉对水稻生物学特性和产量的影响。结果表明,与常规灌溉相比,增氧灌溉处理具有分蘖发生快,叶面积指数大,干物质积累多等优点,尤其在生育后期表现出较大的干物质积累优势。增氧灌溉显著增加了水稻产量,其中秀水09分别增产8.45%(2007)和6.23%(2008)、国稻6号增产9.13%、两优培九增产7.49%。而且增氧灌溉明显提高了水稻有效穗数及结实率,但对水稻每穗总粒数和千粒重影响不明显。     

Contribution to the taxonomy and pathogenicity of fungicolous Verticillium species. II. Pathogenicity

In recent years in the Netherlands a second mushroom species,Agaricus bitorquis, which prefers higher temperatures thanA. bisporus and is less susceptible to certain diseases, is often commercially grown.Verticillium fungicola var.fungicola, the causal agent of dry bubble, is responsible for considerable damage in crops ofA. bisporus. InA. bitorquis, however, dry bubble has hardly been noticed, but brown spots due toV. fungicola var.aleophilum resulted in inferior mushroom quality. The latter variety also caused brown spots ina. bisporus, but to a minor degree. In variety Les Miz 60 ofA. bisporus, however, it also induced fruit-body deformation in a way different from dry bubble. Verticillium psalliotae, isolated fromA. bitorquis in England, induced more confluent brown spots inA. bitorquis. In the netherlands, where moreA. bitorquis is grown than in other countries,V. psalliotae has not yet been encountered in crops ofA. bitorquis. V. psalliotae, which has a high temperature optimum for mycelial growth, likeV. fungicola var.aleophilum andA. bitorquis, did not infectA. bisporus in our trials.Artificial infection ofA. bisporus orA. bitorquis could not be accomplished with the following related and/or fungicolous fungi:Verticillium lamellicola, V. fungicola var.flavidum, V. biguttatum, Nectriopsis tubariicola, Acremonium crotocinigenum andAphanocladium album.Samenvatting Vooral in Nederland wordt sinds een aantal jaren naastAgaricus bisporus ook de warmteminnende champignonsoortAgaricus bitorquis geteeld, die minder vatbaar is voor bepaalde ziekten. TerwijlVerticillium fungicola varfungicola in de teelt vanA. bisporus droge mollen en daardoor veel schade veroorzaakt, komen in de teelt vanA. bitorquis geen droge mollen voor maar wel bruine vlekken, die tot kwaliteitsverlies en dus schade leiden. De vlekken bleken veroorzaakt te worden doorV. fungicola var.aleophilum. Deze schimmel veroorzaakte ook inA. bisporus bruine vlekken, hoewel in minder ernstige mate, maar in het ras Les Miz 60 vanA. bisporus bovendien misvormde champignons, die wel op droge mollen leken, maar daaraan niet gelijk waren.OokV. psalliotae, in Engeland geïsoleerd vanA. bitorquis met vlekken, veroorzaakte wat meer samenvloeiende, bruine vlekken inA. bitorquis. In Nederland, waar meerA. bitorquis geteeld wordt dan in andere landen, isV. psalliotae nog niet aangetroffen in teelten vanA. bitorquis. InA. bisporus kon geen kunstmatige infectie worden verkregen metV. psalliotae, die net alsV. fungicola var.aleophilum enA. bitorquis warmteminnend genoemd zou kunnen worden.Met de volgendeVerticillium-achtige of van paddestoelen geïsoleerde schimmels kon evenmin op kunstmatige wijze een infectie worden opgeroepen inA. bisporus ofA. bitorquis: Verticillium lamellicola, V. fungicola var.flavidum, V. biguttatum, Nectriopsis tubariicola, Acremonium crotocinigenum enAphanocladium album.     

The Effect of Additions in the Fermented Solution on Bubble Coalescence

This paper presents a detail study of bubble coalescence in inorganic salts and organic compounds of fermented solution ,and preliminary analyses the principle of bubble coalescence.The experiments show that the relationship between the solute concentration and coalescence frequency reveals the existence of sharp transition concentration.     

垄膜沟种涌泉灌溉技术要素的试验研究

在垄膜沟种农田进行了涌泉灌灌水试验，通过对水流推进过程观测，分析了田面水流运动特性，研究了沟宽对田间灌水均匀度的影响，并对垄膜沟种涌泉灌溉技术要素进行了探讨。结果表明，涌泉灌田面水流推进曲线可用幂函数表示。随着沟宽的增大，灌水均匀度呈下降趋势。从灌水质量和管网成本两方面综合考虑，试验条件下灌水技术要素的入沟流量、沟宽和灌水器间距分别以80～100L/h、20-30cm和4～5m为宜。     

徐州地区日光温室保温性能的试验研究

分析了徐州地区冬季日光温室小气候的变化规律。针对当地日光温室冬季保温性能不理想的现状，从光照条件和温度条件两方面进行分析，对温室自身造成的保温性能不理想提出了改进意见，并在现有温室结构的基础上，通过选择最佳的揭盖帘时间，来提高冬季日光温室的保温性能。揭盖帘对比试验表明，揭盖帘时间选取恰当对室内温度影响较大，可以提高温室的保温性能。     

蘑菇褐腐病菌生物学特性和防治

蘑菇褐腐病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发适宜温度为24～25℃,低至10℃,高达35℃,孢子停止萌发,在35℃和40℃恒温中,分别经5天和1天,菌丝均失去生活力;高湿有利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,100％相对湿度下分生孢子萌发率最高;菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发最适宜pH值分别为6和6.4,幼嫩蘑菇煮出液最能刺激孢子萌发,该病菌在菇床初侵染源是覆盖了带有病菌的覆盖土,在夏季对覆盖土壤进行日光曝晒4～5天,覆土前7天,用36％～38％化学纯甲醛3.5kg,兑水20～30kg,喷洒于种植111m~2蘑菇的覆盖土中熏蒸48h以上,防病效果均理想;发病后及时挖除病菇,能防止病菌再侵染,减轻褐腐病的为害。     

粘土固化注浆技术在垃圾填埋场防渗中的应用

通过室内与现场试验研究，表明粘土固化浆液在垃圾填埋场防渗工程中应用是可行的。工程实际使用证实，其堵水效果完全可以满足填埋场防渗 的要求，具有广泛的应用价值。     

微纳米加气灌溉对温室番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

为了探究微纳米加气灌溉对番茄的影响,采用温室小区试验,选择不同的水分控制下限条件,研究了其对番茄生长发育、产量、品质的影响。结果表明,微纳米加气灌溉模式下番茄株高、茎粗、单株叶面积增长速度较常规灌溉得到显著提高,表现为苗期、开花期、坐果期番茄生长优势明显,生长后期增长速度近似相同。基于番茄产量和灌溉水利用效率2个指标条件,微纳米加气灌溉较常规灌溉增长效果更好。微纳米加气灌溉改变番茄产量分布特征,促进番茄提早成熟从而获得更大的经济效益。微纳米加气灌溉对番茄VC量、可溶性固形物和蛋白质均有不同程度提高,有机酸呈降低趋势,对糖酸比的影响不大。综合认为,微纳米加气灌溉应用在温室番茄种植是可行的。     

复塑竹帘胶合板的工艺改进

通过对现行复塑竹帘胶合板生产工艺的分析，认为在竹帘、竹席浸胶后的第二次干燥和热压时采用的冷—热—冷工艺，存在着能耗高、产量低等弊端，进行了施胶方式及其相关工艺的改革和热压方式及其相关工艺的改革研究，并在此基础上提出了相应的车间工艺改造方案．改革后的生产工艺，可在原年产量4000m3生产线上达到年产9000m3的生产能力，每年还可节约能源费用216万元，具有较显著的经济效益．     

建筑玻璃幕墙的节能技术分析

随着建筑玻璃幕墙的被广泛应用,在提升建筑物的通透性、艺术性的同时,对现有的节能技术进行分析,并提出了建筑玻璃幕墙节能的技术要求及其可行性.