红鳍东方皮肤溃烂病病原菌的分离与鉴定

从体表溃烂的养殖红鳍东方鲀(Fugu obscurus)病灶处分离到1株优势生长菌,编号为H-06091.分别通过创伤浸泡和注射方式感染健康红鳍东方鲀,发现这两种途径均可引发皮肤溃烂,两种途径的感染率均为100%,2×108 cell/mL.菌浓度注射组死亡率为100%,4×107 cell/mL菌浓度注射组死亡率为50%,创伤浸泡感染未见死亡.药敏实验表明,复方新诺明、呋喃妥因、链霉素、环丙沙星、利福平、红霉素、氟哌酸、氟嗪酸、庆大霉素、阿米卡星、四环素、青霉素G等抗菌素对H-06091有较强的抑制作用.按照<常见细菌系统鉴定手册>进行菌种鉴定并测定其16S rRNA基因序列,结果表明,该菌呈革兰氏染色阴性,氧化酶阳性,接触酶阳性,V-P试验阴性,硝酸盐还原反应阳性等特征,符合哈氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)特征,其16s rRNA基因序列与GenBank中哈氏弧菌同源性为99%,因此将H-06091鉴定为哈氏弧菌.     

褐菱猎蝽生物学特性的研究

据在北京室内饲养观察,褐菱猎蝽一年发生一代,以成虫越冬。卵期12.1±1.0天。若虫5龄,历期61-83天。成虫羽化后8-30天交配,次年开始产卵。描述了各虫态形态特征。记述了生物学特性。试验表明该虫对舞毒蛾、杨扇舟蛾、杨叶蜂、榆毒蛾、黄刺蛾等多种林木食叶害虫有明显捕食作用。     

双斑东方鲀三倍体育苗生产性研究

采用温度休克方法诱导双斑东方鲀三倍体,在水温18-20℃条件下,卵受精后5分钟用40℃的水处理双斑东方鲀受精卵10分钟,三倍体诱导率100％,孵化率相对诱导量达25％;育苗采用前期室内工厂化培育与后期土池培育相结合方法,培育出全为三倍体(体长3 cm以上)苗种5．8万尾,对应孵出苗量,成活率为34．6％。     

淮河水系沙塘鳢形态特征和分类地位初步研究

研究分析了淮河水系沙塘鳢(Odontobutis obscura)的形态特征,并对其分类地位进行了探讨。可数性状:背鳍Ⅶ,Ⅰ-9~10,尾鳍14~15,臀鳍Ⅰ-7~8,腹鳍Ⅰ-5,胸鳍14~15,纵列鳞36~41,横列鳞14~18,体侧感觉乳突线鳞28~30,第一鳃弓鳃耙数9~11,脊椎骨数28~29。可量性状:全长是体长(1.23±0.03)倍;体长是体高(3.82±0.45)倍,是头长(3.08±0.49)倍,是尾柄长(5.19±0.54)倍,是消化道长(1.86±0.52)倍,是肠长(6.99±2.86)倍;头长是吻长(2.94±0.42)倍,是眼径(6.09±0.87)倍,是眼间距(3.86±0.61)倍,是口裂宽(1.94±0.27)倍;体高是体厚(0.96±0.11)倍;尾柄长是尾柄高(1.66±0.18)倍。     

暗纹东方鲀血细胞发生的观察

通过对暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)血液涂片及头肾、体肾、脾脏和肝脏四种脏器印片的光镜观察,发现血细胞的发育大致经过三个阶段,即原始阶段、幼稚阶段、成熟阶段。实验对不同发育阶段的红血细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、粒细胞进行了观察和测量,并对暗纹东方鲀血细胞的发生过程做了初步探讨。实验结果表明暗纹东方鲀血细胞的发育主要在头肾和体肾,肝脏印片未观察到原始造血细胞,提示肝脏可能不是暗纹东方鲀的造血器官。     

暗纹东方鱼屯生殖期两性判别的研究

暗纹东方鱼屯俗称河豚，属江海洄游性鱼类。生殖季节，雌、雄个体副性征差异不明显，不能采用常规鉴别方法进行性别鉴定。作者根据体征、体态特征，采用综合指标判别法对１９９５年３月１５日至５月３０日在江苏仪征—泰州６０ｋｍ江段渔获的１０３８尾暗纹东方鱼屯进行了雌、雄性别判定，正确率达９５．４％。该方法操作简单，不伤鱼体，仅凭眼观即可判定自由游动状河鱼屯的雌、雄。文中有关利用行为差异来判定鱼类雌、雄的方法，国内外尚未见诸报道。该项工作为鉴别鱼类性别提供了一种新方法，在鱼类人工繁殖和规模化生产中具有一定应用价值     

盐度对暗纹东方鲀胚胎发育的影响

研究了不同盐度对暗纹东方鲀胚胎发育的影响，盐度为4和8的试验组中受精卵的发育历期、孵化率及初孵仔鱼24小时的存活能力和淡水相比均无显著差异。在盐度12及以上，绝大部分受精卵死亡，仅有极少数个体孵化出膜，且全为畸形并都在24小时内死亡；发育速度随着盐度的升高而变慢。因此，暗纹东方鲀胚胎正常发育所能耐受的盐度范围是0～8。     

Pathological changes induced by three myxosporeans in the intestine of cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes (Temminck and Schlegel)

Pathological changes in cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes , with emaciation disease in Kyushu, Japan were studied histologically. In most cases, diseased fish were heavily infected with at least one of three myxosporeans ( Myxidium fugu , Myxidium sp. and Leptotheca fugu ) and two unidentified hyperparasitic microsporeans, attached to, or in, the intestinal epithelium. Myxidium fugu attached to the surface of the epithelium, caused no noticeable effects on the host tissue, irrespective of its infection with the hyperparasite. Myxidium sp., which proliferated in the epithelium, induced severe pathological changes including accumulation of cell debris between the epithelium and lamina propria and resultant detachment of the epithelium. Leptotheca fugu, another histozoic myxosporean, induced degeneration of the epithelium, associated with massive infiltration of macrophages into the epithelium to encapsulate parasites. When L. fugu was infected with its hyperparasitic microsporean, shortened villi were also observed. This is probably because passage of macrophage-parasite aggregates through the basement membrane of the epithelium severely damaged the epithelial structure. It is evident histologically that, unlike epicellular M. fugu , histozoic Myxidium sp. and L. fugu with or without hyperparasitic microsporeans, were highly pathogenic to host fish. This strongly suggests that they are causative agents of the emaciation disease.     

红鳍东方鲀SREBP-1基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

利用斑马鱼的SREBP-1的氨基酸序列NP_001098599.1为探针,对红鳍东方鲀基因组数据库进行BLAST分析,获得红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)的固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1 (Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1,SREBP-1)的cDNA序列及相应的氨基酸序列.采用生物信息学方法对其基本理化性质、蛋白质结构及功能结构域进行分析.结果发现红鳍东方纯SREBP-1基因的开放阅读框全长3 330 bp,共编码1 109个氨基酸;红鳍东方鲀SREBP-1的氨基酸序列与黄斑蓝子鱼、大西洋鲑、斑马鱼、人、牛及原鸡的同源性分别为81％、73％、72％、55％ 、55％、54％和54％;系统进化分析结果表明,红鳍东方纯SREBP-1与黄斑蓝子鱼的进化关系最为密切,亲缘关系最近;红鳍东方鲀SREBP-1蛋白中α-螺旋较多,该蛋白质氨基端包含1个bHLH-zip的结构.