Leaf, floret and seed infection of wheat by Pyrenophora semeniperda

Infection processes of Pyrenophora semeniperda on seedling and adult wheat leaves and wheat ears were investigated. Almost 100% germination of conidia occurred on seedling leaves, compared with 20–30% on adult leaves. Appressoria formed over the anticlinal epidermal cell walls and haloes always accompanied infection. Sometimes papillae formed within the leaves as a resistance mechanism. Infection hyphae ramified through the intercellular spaces of the mesophyll resulting in cellular disruption. The infection processes on floral tissues were similar to those observed on leaves; however, no infection occurred on anther, stigmatic or stylar tissues. Infection of ovarian tissue occurred both with and without appressoria formation. Hyphae grew mainly in the epidermal layers and appeared unable to breach the integumental layer as no growth was observed in endosperm or embryo tissues. The optimum dew period temperature for conidial germination was 23·6°C, compared with 19·9°C for lesion development, 20·4°C for the production of infection structures on seedling leaves and 23·7°C for floret infection. Leaf disease development occurred in a logistic manner in response to dew period, with maximum infection observed after 21 h compared with > 48 h in seeds. An initial dark phase during the dew period was necessary for infection and temperature after the dew period had an effect, with significantly more numerous and larger lesions being formed at 15°C compared with 30°C. Seedling leaves were found to be more susceptible than older leaves, under both field and controlled environment conditions. Infection of wheat seeds following inoculation of ears, or after harvest burial of inoculated disease-free seeds, was demonstrated. In the latter, 3-week-old seedlings were slightly stunted, whereas older plants were unaffected. The apparent unimportance of this plant pathogen as a cause of leaf disease in relation to its poor adaptation to dew periods and dew period temperature is discussed, along with the importance of its seed borne characteristics.     

叶露仪的研制和初步测试

植物叶面结露时间长短及露量与农作物病虫害,特别是真菌病害的发生有密切的关系。为监测叶露情况我们设计制作了叶露仪。该仪器适合在植物病虫害发生规律的科学研究和大田作物病害预测预报工作中使用。     

油茶壳及油茶麸堆制有机肥研究初报

将油茶壳和油茶麸配置成4种不同比例进行有机肥沤制试验，结果表明油茶壳与油茶麸3：1时所堆沤成的有机肥中有机质及N、P、K含量较高。建议今后在油茶生产中进行有机肥堆沤时，油茶壳和油茶麸按3：1配比，以达到较优的养分效应。     

汉麻温水沤法脱胶动态过程的观测

本文对汉麻温水沤法脱胶过程中的水体pH值和果胶酶活性,以及汉麻韧皮纤维中各组成成分(果胶、半纤维素、纤维素、木质素)的动态变化进行了测定,探明了汉麻温水沤法脱胶过程中水体pH值、果胶酶活性和韧皮纤维脱胶状态的动态变化规律。     

不同穗型水稻群体中温湿度特征的研究

本研究以不同穗型的3个品种沈稻11、辽粳294和沈农9816为试材，研究了水稻群体间的温湿度特征。结果表明，白天不同品种水稻群体中温度和相对湿度的变化趋势与大气一致。水稻群体中露点温度的脉动远大于温度和相对湿度，总的趋势是中午露点温度较高。不同水稻群体中温度的差异小于湿度。从8月上旬至9月中旬，不同品种群体中的温、湿度差异逐渐增大，弯穗品种群体中的温度低于直立、半直立穗品种，湿度大于直立、半直立穗品种，直立和半直立穗品种之间的差别不太大。     

浅谈大兴安岭地区亚麻的发展

文章阐述了大兴安岭亚麻发展的原因，即得益于独特的气候条件和家庭农场大面积种植方式，从而使该区亚麻在激烈的市场竞争中处于优势地位，且发展势头强劲；并就生产中出现的问题提出了建议。     

浅谈室内山墙窗口圈梁构造柱防结露措施

本文论述了室内山墙、窗口、圈梁、构造拄、结露的产生原因及预防措施。     

水稻储存保管技术研究

我国产后储粮损失达8%~10%,通过技术手段提高粮食储存保管水平对于减少产后损失、增加经济效益具有重要意义。以水稻为例研究其储存保管技术,阐述水稻储存保管的主要特点和技术内容,介绍水稻储存保管的注意事项。     

微型蒸发器测量精度的影响因素试验

为优化微型蒸发器（MLS）的使用方式及提高测量精度,在15 d不更换筒内土体的情况下,采用田间试验的方法对影响其测量精度的多种因素进行了研究。结果表明：各处理精度均较高,最高达97.40%;内筒打孔与否对测量精度无显著影响;套筒打孔的处理比不打孔的处理精度更高,且孔洞适宜均匀分布,但数目不可过多,直径为3 mm时不宜超过36个;套筒封底会降低测量精度,内筒封底材料越薄、透气性能越好精度越高;内筒与套筒的间隔较小时精度更高。对露水进行的考察显示,夜间的露水会明显降低测量精度,当其凝结量大于土壤蒸发量时,无法利用MLS精确测出土壤蒸发量。测量精度随时间变化而相应改变,MLS刚装入土体后的前3 d土壤水分较大,精度比其后各日都低。在有适量水分补充的情况下,15 d不更换MLS筒内土体可行。