玉米花粉黄酮类物质对清除自由基的作用

用比色法和化学发光法研究了玉米黄酮的抗氧化作用.结果表明,玉米花粉黄酮类物质浓度在0.005mg/mL开始对OH·-自由基有清除作用,并随浓度的增加而加强,浓度从0.001mg/mL起,对O·2自由基有清除作用,其作用也随浓度增加而加强.研究表明,玉米花粉黄酮类物质有良好的抗氧化作用.     

草莓果实成熟期花青苷、酚类物质和类黄酮含量的变化

以春星和全明星为试材,研究了不同成熟度草莓果实酚类物质、类黄酮及花青苷的动态变化。结果表明,随着果实的成熟,酚类物质和类黄酮在绿熟期有较高的含量,之后随着果实的成熟先下降,至紫红期又开始大量积累;花青苷含量随着果实的成熟逐渐增加,紫红期达最大值;低温贮藏的草莓果实酚类物质、类黄酮含量首先下降,之后随着贮藏天数的增加而不断上升;花青苷含量逐渐增加,但增加的趋势比较缓慢。     

高温条件下芥蓝菜薹色泽的形成

通过对高温条件下3个芥蓝品种菜薹色素及其相关因素研究,结果表明:芥蓝菜薹的叶绿素、花青苷和类黄酮含量尖叶夏芥蓝均为最高,荷塘芥蓝次之,中花芥蓝最低。尖叶夏的有机酸含量最高,中花次之,荷塘最低。花青苷含量较高的品种,其苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性也比较高。芥蓝菜薹表皮色泽是叶绿素、类黄酮和花青苷等色素的综合表现,并受表皮酸碱性的影响。     

拟南芥种皮色素形成机制的研究进展

类黄酮为拟南芥种皮的主要成色物质,其生物合成过程受到一系列基因的影响.这些基因中,一部分为结构基因(TT4、TT5、TT6、TT7、FLS1TT3,LDOX和BAN)编码一些酶类参与到类黄酮的生物合成;一部分作为调控基因(TT1,TT2,TT8,TTG1,TTG2和TT16)编码一些酶对生物合成途径起调控作用;另外一些基因(TT12,TT19)编码与色素转运、积累相关的蛋白质。这些基因中的一种或几种发生变异就能影响到类黄酮的生物合成,从而引起拟南芥种皮色泽的变异。在此,就拟南芥种皮的色泽变异及类黄酮生物合成机理作一介绍。     

不同采收季节对叶用芥菜类黄酮物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响

 以10个不同基因型叶用芥菜为试材, 研究了不同采收季节对其总酚含量、类黄酮含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明春季采收的总酚含量、抗氧化活性显著高于冬季采收的。叶用芥菜含有槲皮素和山奈素两种类黄酮化合物, 春季采收的槲皮素和山奈素含量高于冬季采收的。基因型间总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量及抗氧化活性均存在较大的差异, 并与生长季节有极显著的互作关系, 表明生长季节对不同基因型叶用芥菜酚类物质积累和抗氧化活性有较大的影响。总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量分别与抗氧化活性呈极显著和显著正相关。     

Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.     

Metabolie Engineering of Flower Color in Ornamental Plants

Abstract

Advances in the knowledge of plant pigment pathways at genetic, biochemical and molecular levels, and the establishment of genetic transformation methods for an increasing number of plant species have paved the way to genetic engineering of flower and plant color for ornamental purposes. From trial-and-error approaches based on the available few genes, the trend is now to comprehensively study the target species, genotypes and pigment pathways to precisely address specific breeding goals. This review examines the state of the art in this field, from the pioneering stages to fundamental and applied research on flavonoids, which is being extended to carotenoids and is also likely to involve other pigments in the near future.     

桉树叶中黄酮类的提取及其在农业上的应用

本文报导了从桉树叶中提取黄酮类物质的工艺。采用单罐提取,产品得率为30％左右;三罐组或五罐组逆流浸提,产品得率可达35％;提取的黄酮类物质能调节蔬菜和果树的生长,对植物的病害和病毒都有一定的防治效果。     

丛生竹黄酮类化合物的分析研究及其在分类上的应用

本文分析了9属30种国产丛生竹中的黄酮类化合物,表明丛生竹中含有较丰富的黄酮成分,对丛生竹的分类有一定的应用价值;同时也表明丛生竹在黄酮成分上与散生竹及其它禾本科种类的区别与某些一致性。     

山楂黄酮提取工艺研究

[目的]优化山楂果实和叶中黄酮的提取工艺.[方法]采用单因素和正交试验法研究不同工艺条件对山楂黄酮提取效率的影响,得出最佳提取工艺及相关参数.[结果]试验得出,山楂黄酮提取采用最适宜方法为渗漉法,其最佳工艺参数是：溶剂为50％的乙醇,料液比1∶8 g/ml,浸泡时间72 h,流速为中速（3 ml/min）.[结论]此方法工艺简单,成本低,提取率高,无需加热,剩余物无有害残留,适用于山楂黄酮的大批量提取生产.