Cytotoxic and Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of Triterpene Glycosides from Holothuria scabra and Cucumaria frondosa against HepG2 Cells

The cytotoxic effects of thirteen triterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra Jaeger and Cucumaria frondosa Gunnerus (Holothuroidea) against four human cell lines were detected and their cytotoxicity-structure relationships were established. The apoptosis-inducing activity of a more potent glycoside echinoside A (1) in HepG2 cells was further investigated by determining its effect on the morphology, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψ_m) and mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes. The results showed that the number of glycosyl residues in sugar chains and the side chain of aglycone could affect their cytotoxicity towards tumor cells and selective cytotoxicity. 1 significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. 1 also markedly decreased the Δψ_m and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA express ratio, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in HepG2 cells. Therefore, 1 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. These findings could potentially promote the usage of these glycosides as leading compounds for developing new antitumor drugs.     

栽培乌拉尔甘草根中黄酮类和皂甙类化合物的提取与分析

采用冷浸乙醇提取法对兰州人工引种栽培的6年生乌拉尔甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis根中的总黄酮和总皂甙类化合物进行了提取分离,并且采用重量法和3种紫外-可见分光光度法对乌拉尔甘草根中总黄酮含量进行了测定和比较分析。结果表明,3种分光光度测定方法中,黄酮含量以直接测定法为最高,硝酸铝显色法次之,氯化铝显色法最低,直接测定法测定样品中的黄酮含量因不受显色剂干扰,测定结果相对更为准确可靠。人工栽培乌拉尔甘草相对野生甘草有效成分的含量较低,但仍可作为野生药用甘草的替代品。     

施用冷杉针叶三萜酸对水稻产量和品质的影响

以镇稻8号为材料,研究了不同用量冷杉针叶三萜酸对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与喷清水对照相比较,施用冷杉针叶三萜酸后能够提高水稻千粒重和产量,并能提高稻米的糙米率、整精米率、直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量,改善稻米碾磨品质和营养品质。10%冷杉针叶三萜酸水乳液最适施药方法为:播种前拌种剂量80 mL/t、分蘖期和抽穗期喷施剂量80 mL/hm~2,能使水稻增产16.60%。     

Kurilosides A1, A2, C1, D,E and F—Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Thyonidium (= Duasmodactyla) kurilensis (Levin): Structures with Unusual Non-Holostane Aglycones and Cytotoxicities

Six new monosulfated triterpene tetra-, penta- and hexaosides, namely, the kurilosides A₁ (1), A₂ (2), C₁ (3), D (4), E (5) and F (6), as well as the known earlier kuriloside A (7), having unusual non-holostane aglycones without lactone, have been isolated from the sea cucumber Thyonidium (= Duasmodactyla) kurilensis (Levin) (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida), collected in the Sea of Okhotsk near Onekotan Island from a depth of 100 m. Structures of the glycosides were established by 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI mass spectrometry. Kurilosides of the groups A and E contain carbohydrate moieties with a rare architecture (a pentasaccharide branched by C(4) Xyl1), differing from each other in the second monosaccharide residue (quinovose or glucose, correspondingly); kurilosides of the group C are characterized by a unique tetrasaccharide branched by a C(4) Xyl1 sugar chain; and kurilosides of the groups D and F are hexaosides differing from each other in the presence of an O-methyl group in the fourth (terminal) sugar unit. All these glycosides contain a sulfate group at C-6 of the glucose residue attached to C-4 Xyl1 and the non-holostane aglycones have a 9(11) double bond and lack γ-lactone. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1–7 against mouse neuroblastoma Neuro 2a, normal epithelial JB-6 cells and erythrocytes were studied. Kuriloside A₁ (1) was the most active compound in the series, demonstrating strong cytotoxicity against the erythrocytes and JB-6 cells and a moderate effect against Neuro 2a cells.     

超临界流体萃取红芝三萜化合物

采用超临界流体设备,以ＣＯ２为萃取剂,从野生红芝子实体中萃取灵芝三萜化合物。分析了ＣＯ２密度、温度、时间及改性剂（甲醇）对红芝三萜化合物萃取的影响。     

海南不同来源赤芝多糖和三萜含量分析

为了分析海南不同产地、不同生长环境和不同生长时期赤芝中多糖和三萜的含量。以葡萄糖为对照品,蒽酮显色,在625 nm波长下测定吸光度,分析多糖含量;以齐墩果酸为对照品,香草醛显色,在550 nm波长下测定吸光度,分析三萜含量。不同来源的赤芝多糖和三萜含量不同,霸王岭栽培赤芝的多糖含量最高,为1.59%;尖峰岭野生赤芝的三萜含量最高,为0.87%;其中同一产地不同生长环境的赤芝,多糖含量差异极显著(P＜0.01),尖峰岭和五指山赤芝的三萜含量差异显著(P＜0.05);相同生长环境不同产地的赤芝相互间的多糖含量差异极显著(P＜0.01),尖峰岭和霸王岭野生赤芝三萜含量差异显著(P＜0.05);不同生长时期的赤芝,多糖和三萜含量在菌蕾期和成熟期处于较高水平,衰退期明显下降。栽培赤芝的多糖含量均超过野生赤芝,野生赤芝的三萜含量相对更高;赤芝中的多糖和三萜含量在前3个时期保持在一个较高水平,成熟期为最佳采收时期。     

紫外分光光度法快速测定龙泉破壁灵芝孢子粉三萜含量

选取5种龙泉破壁灵芝孢子粉为研究对象,使用紫外分光光度法,建立了一种快速、简单、高灵敏度,专门针对灵芝孢子粉中三萜测定的方法。结果表明,该方法测得龙泉破壁灵芝孢子粉三萜含量为2.94%~3.43%。熊果酸浓度在20~140μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,精密度(RSD)为0.88%,回收率为88.6%~92.5%,完全能够满足于破壁灵芝孢子粉中三萜成分的分析研究。     

深层发酵樟芝营养成分的测定

采用常规检测方法测定深层发酵樟芝菌丝体中的营养成分脂肪酸、氨基酸、麦角甾醇、总三萜的含量,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定矿物质的含量.结果表明:樟芝中粗脂肪的质量分数为11.61%,其中饱和脂肪酸占12.6%,不饱和脂肪酸占87.4%;粗蛋白的质量分数为34.20%,菌丝体干粉中总氨基酸含量为270.68 mg.kg-1;樟芝含有常量元素K、Na、P、Ca、Mg和多种人体所需的微量元素Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、Mo、Cr、Se、Sr;樟芝中麦角甾醇的含量为19.55 mg.g-1,总三萜的含量为2.8125 mg.g-1.樟芝功效成分含量的测定有利于进一步探索其多种保健功能.     

不同茯苓菌株生物学特性和菌核主要成分比较

对6株茯苓(Poria cocos)菌株的菌丝生长速率、菌核产量、菌核中多糖和三萜含量以及菌株间亲和性进行比较.结果表明:供试菌株中,8号菌株的菌丝生长速率等生物学特性均显著优于其它茯苓菌株.该菌株在PDA培养基上的菌丝生长速率为2.10 cm/d;采用松树兜法栽培茯苓,该菌株的菌核产量达到每兜4.76 kg;菌核中还原糖含量为0.43％,总糖含量为7.37％,三萜含量为0.74％;拮抗试验表明6株茯苓菌株之间存在拮抗作用,说明茯苓菌株体细胞亲合基因间存在差异.