Soil quality assessments in integrated crop–livestock–forest systems: A review

Integrated crop–livestock–forest is a promising strategy to improve soil quality. It comprises four different integrated farming systems: crop–livestock, crop–forest, forest–livestock and crop–livestock–forest. This work systematically reviewed studies about integrated crop–livestock–forest systems and soil quality. A total of 92 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science—Clarivate Analytics platform, and the following information was analysed: publication year, institution, region of the studied site, type of integrated system, soil type, tillage system, maximum soil depth and the soil quality indicators assessed. Most studies were published in the second half of the 2010s. Brazil is a prominent focus of research about soil quality and integrated crop–livestock–forest systems, with significant contribution from its central and southern regions. The Embrapa was the main publishing institution, present in over one‐third of the studies. Crop–livestock was the most common integrated system, Ferralsols was the most common soil group, and most of the studied soils were clayey. No tillage was the main tillage system. Most studies focused on the topsoil, assessing physical and/or chemical soil quality indicators. More emphasis on biological indicators of soil quality is required, as well as assessments integrating biological, physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Future works should compare different integrated systems, including assessments deeper in the soil profile, especially in systems with the forest component, and also in sandy and silty soils. Soil quality indicators that have been rarely used should be further tested. Novel indicators should be added to better understand the promotion of soil quality by integrated crop–livestock–forest systems.     

Application of acoustic Doppler current profiler combined with a scientific echo sounder for krill Euphausia pacifica density estimation

ABSTRACT:   An application of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, 153.6 kHz) in combination with a scientific echo sounder (EK60, 38 and 200 kHz) was investigated to estimate the density of krill Euphausia pacifica . The acoustic backscattering strength from sound scattering layers was compared with biomass estimates from midwater trawls. Euphausia pacifica was targeted among mixed species populations in the sound scattering layer in the offshore Funka Bay area of Hokkaido, Japan. The frequency characteristics of acoustic backscattering by krill were calculated using a distorted wave Born approximation scattering model at three frequencies. Krill aggregations identified from the EK60 data were extracted as the mean volume backscattering strength difference between two frequencies. They were then used to identify similar aggregations in the ADCP data by matching observation times and depths for the two methods, which were applied simultaneously. Results from the comparison of the mean volume backscattering strength and the density calculated from the ADCP and EK60 showed that ADCP can be used to measure density and spatial–temporal distribution of krill aggregations. Current speed and direction at the study site were found to be 16.1 cm/s and 187.0°, respectively, and krill speed and direction (including the current component) were found to be 19.8 cm/s and 172.2°, respectively. Based on the ADCP data, the net speed and direction of the krill aggregations were found to be 5.9 cm/s and 128.0°, respectively.     

小水电科技发展领域的系统分析

该文用层次分析法(AHP)和德尔菲法(Delphi)相结合的系统分析法,对江西省上饶地区小水电科技发展领域分析模型作了探索,提出了小水电科技发展领域的优先度及重点,为“八五”、“九五”小水电科技规划的制定提供了依据,同时也为水利水电同行在科技规划中提供一点参考。     

社会工作视野下高校和谐教育的构建

基于对我国当前高校不和谐现状的分析,秉持社会工作的理念和视角,探索了我国高校和谐教育的含义,并就社会工作作为一种专业方法在建设高校和谐教育中的策略进行了探讨与创新.     

浅析科学施肥

肥料对农作物增长、稳产、高产非常重要,就科学施肥的意义以及施肥中常见的问题做以分析,提出科学施用化肥方法,提高肥料利用率。     

科研工作在高职教师本职工作中的作用

科研水平高低是学院办学水平的标志和工作水平的折射,也是学院内涵提升,教师成长的平台,同时也是突破学院发展难题,实现职教升级的唯一途径.学院对科研工作的支持力度逐年加大,对其投入也不断增加.要真正把科研工作落到实处,发挥它在高职教师本职工作中的作用,才是抓住了科研工作的根本.     

以英国青年就业项目为鉴论我国高校社工学生就业项目

我国高校社会工作专业自1989年北大开班以来,全国各高校设立的社会工作专业本硕班培育大批的社工人才,但在就业方面却遭遇冷门,这与我国就业环境及政府的政策有很大的关联。虽然近些年,社工队伍不断壮大,但是人才流失很严重,特别是高校社工人才选择在本专业发展的比例很少。在此,本文借鉴英国成功的就业项目和现阶段政府购买服务项目,探讨了二者的结合谈社工就业及以此为主的项目的策划。     

创新方法在农业领域科研项目实施过程中的应用

本文基于创新方法在我国农业领域科研项目中的应用现状,总结概括了其在实施过程中不同的创新特征,以“七大作物育种为例”分析了创新方法应用过程中存在的问题及相关建议,为创新方法在科研项目实施过程中发挥驱动作用提供参考,提高科研创新效率。     

科研院所制度建设与思考 ——以中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所为例

制度建设是科研院所提升科技创新能力、推进成果转化应用、开展科技服务的重要保障.文章重点介绍了中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所制度建设的经验和做法,并结合科研院所实际,从制度建设的方法、程序、执行等方面提出了加强科研院所制度建设的建议.     

从形象传播到可沟通城市——基于CiteSpace的中国城市传播研究知识图谱分析

城市传播作为城市学和传播学的交叉领域，其自身的历史进路是一个值得探究的问题。基于2001—2018年我国城市传播的研究成果，运用CiteSpace这一可视化工具，可直观量化地观察并提炼出该领域从起步到探索、丰富、发展、拓展和深化的多个阶段。经过近18年的研究积累和学术共同体的推进，城市传播愈发成为我国传播学界的热点，研究视野从形象传播逐渐发展为可沟通城市等更深广的议题。随着各类城市进入新一轮发展期，城市传播要积极拓展更多的研究领域，尤其是要注重立足于城市文化发展的实证研究，并以此引领城市传播理论的全面升华。