小型渔船号灯最小间距的研究

我国小型渔船(船长20～35米)捕鱼作业信号灯至今未能达到《1972年国际海上避碰规则(1989年修订本)》的要求。本文根据光学原理,对号灯间距分辨率进行了多次测试和研究,并根据我国渔船客观实际提出了小型渔船号灯设置最佳配置方案。     

长江云阳江段四大家鱼产卵场浮游植物初步调查

四大家鱼繁殖期间 ( 2 0 0 2年 5月至 6月 )对云阳江段产卵场浮游植物进行了调查 ,结果表明 :浮游植物生物量为 0 .5 0 6 75mg L ,其中硅藻为优势种群。其浮游植物种类组成和数量与江河汛期水文状况有明显关系。     

基于颜色特征的玉米种子纯度识别

为准确快速的识别出玉米种子中的杂粒,提高玉米种的纯度,该文提出一种以玉米种子冠部与侧面颜色作为特征向量进行纯度识别的新方法。该方法首先将玉米种子原始图像进行背景分割、单粒提取,然后进行冠部核心区域及侧面RGB、HSV颜色特征向量的提取,最后采用Fisher判别理论将多维特征向量投影到一维空间中,进行K-均值聚类分析。试验结果证明：利用Fisher判别理论在一维空间上进行K-均值聚类分析,玉米种子纯度的识别率高于93.75%。影响玉米种子正确识别率的主要因素是投影方向的选择及正确的冠部核心区域的提取。     

Design of nondestructive test system for plasma clots

One of the most important measures that are used to guarantee blood transfusion safety is to detect clots in the plasma before transfusion. To overcome the disadvantages of manual detection method, this research designs a nondestructive testing (NDT) system for plasma clots inspection based on machine vision technique and artificial neural networks. The key technology for system design are studied and presented. Image acquisition is performed by custom-designed software based on MATLAB platform, and the methods of image cut, reverse color, median filter as well as gray cutting are adopted to preprocess image. The use of fisher discrimination method, combined with iterative threshold segmentation method and the selection of connected domain, can successfully eliminate the interference of air bubble and correctly extract the image of plasma clots. Plasma clots are discriminated by a recognition model based on artificial neural network BP algorithms. The results of clinical contrast experiment shows that the system can effectively detect whether plasma contains plasma clots and the new system shows a much higher degree of repeatability and stability. From the image acquisition and processing to the recognition of plasma clots, the detecting time of a sample is no more than 1 min.     

气体传感器鉴别花椒产地研究

目前花椒产地鉴别基本以感官评定为主,缺乏客观性,在实施应用时难以做到量化和标准化,难以做出判断。因此设计研发一种快速鉴别花椒的智能装置。该装置以气体传感器阵列为核心,能够独立对花椒气味信息进行检测和鉴别,区分不同产地的同类花椒。利用主成分分析和WilksΛ统计分析对检测数据进行处理。提取主成分5个,累积贡献率为94.41%,其对应Fisher判别模型训练集平均准确率达到88.6%,验证集90%,WilksΛ统计分析最终选取8个变量,其对应判别Fisher模型训练集平均准确率91.82%,验证集95%。对WilksΛ统计所选取变量建立细分类交叉验证的Fisher判别模型,平均正确率达到97.27%,将模型移植到采集装置,完成智能花椒品种鉴别装置。该方法是一种简便高效的花椒品种鉴别方法,可为今后进一步研究花椒产地、分级提供检测仪器和理论依据。     

The potential of informal institutions for marine fisheries management—A case study of a coastal commune in Vietnam

The potential of informal institutions for sustainable management of marine fisheries was examined. The study is based on both primary data collected through two group discussions and interviews and secondary information, including material related to fishing gear operation and whale worship. It shows that informal institutions, including fisher groups, fishing community norms, fisher's knowledge and whale worship have potential to strengthen institutional, ecological, social and community aspects of sustainable fisheries development. Although these informal institutions are not able to fix completely all the problems faced by formal institutions, they are able to complement and consolidate formal institutions to manage marine fisheries effectively. The findings of this study suggest it is imperative that formal institutions should be improved simultaneously with informal institutions to enhance current management for sustainable marine fisheries development.     

Towards resilient recreational fisheries on a global scale through improved understanding of fish and fisher behaviour

Despite recreational fisheries serving as a prime example of a coupled social–ecological system, much of the research on such fisheries has been monothematic in orientation and focused either on fisheries ecology or human dimensions. An attempt was made to break down some of the barriers to more interdisciplinary research on recreational fisheries at the 6^th World Recreational Fishing Conference. The overall conclusion was that future research and management efforts should increasingly focus on the feedbacks between the interacting human and ecological components of recreational fisheries. Doing so promises to improve understanding of how recreational fisheries respond to social–ecological change. In this context, the behaviour of both fishes and humans provides an important, yet often overlooked, integrator of the ecological and social components of recreational fisheries. A better understanding of the behavioural dynamics of recreational fishers as well as exploited fishes will help predict how recreational fisheries change, evolve, adapt and reorganise through time to maintain resilience and achieve sustainability on a global scale.     

基于多特征融合的电子鼻鉴别玉米霉变程度

为了提高电子鼻检测玉米霉变程度的正确率,该文探究了电子鼻信号不同特征组合的表征对霉变玉米鉴别结果的影响。首先,运用电子鼻对霉变玉米的5组样本训练集与测试集进行测试,获得测试信号。其次,分别提取测试信号的积分值(integral value,INV)、平均微分值(average differential value,ADV)、相对稳态平均值(relative steady-state average value,RSAV)作为特征值,5组训练集与测试集均分别采用3种单一的特征值或其组合特征值来表征。然后,运用Fisher判别分析(fisher discriminant analysis,FDA)分别对5组训练集进行判别分析,并用对应的测试集进行检验。FDA分析结果指出,电子鼻测试信息分别在单一特征和2个特征组合表征下,不同霉变程度玉米是不能有效分开的,但在2个特征组合表征下的鉴别正确率比单一特征有所提高;当用3个特征组合来表征测试信息时,FDA鉴别能力得到提高,鉴别正确率在96%以上。另外,借助于WilksΛ统计量考察了电子鼻中每个传感器测试信号表征的差异性,对3个特征组合的表征情况进行了表征变量筛选。FDA分析结果显示,筛选前后的鉴别结果非常相近,最低鉴别正确率均在96%以上,这说明不同传感器需要不同的特征表征,以体现其差异性,由此也减少了计算的复杂性。研究结果表明,用多特征融合模式可更有效地表征电子鼻对霉变玉米的响应信息,有利于提高霉变玉米的鉴别正确率。同时,该研究成果也不失一般性,为电子鼻信号表征提供了一种新思路。     

Fishing strategy choices of purse seines in the Mediterranean: implications for management

ABSTRACT:   An observer's sampling scheme, that employed fisheries scientists onboard fleet vessels was used to examine temporal fishing tactics and strategies affecting catches of the purse seine fishery in the Mediterranean. The month, water depth and the fishers' behavior were found to have an effect on total and Trachurus spp. retained catches, with fishers' behavior explaining the largest percentage of the data variation. The distance of the fishing ground from port and the market price modulated both the retained catches and the fishing location choice. Results confirmed that fishers while in a specific fishing ground developed strategies that would allow them to retain, and thus land, the best possible combination of landings × market value. The current findings also revealed that, when constrained by physical and economic conditions, fishers preferred to minimise risk rather than maximize landings. The observed major switches in fishing strategy were attributed to fishers' risk attitude response towards higher profitability. As the Mediterranean fishery system is mainly based on control effort and technical measures regimes, the current findings are discussed in the light of the need to consider additional information to management plans and decisions.