糙皮侧耳和佛罗里达侧耳菌丝原生质体的形成与再生

本文报道了使用蜗牛酶和纤维素酶从糙皮侧耳和佛罗里达侧耳双核菌丝体中,成功地分离了高产量的原生质体。菌丝体培养时间,混合酶液 pH 值,一定浓度的酶液用量,酶解温度和时间与原生质体形成相关。原生质体的两种再生型被观察到,并计算了再生频率,糙皮侧耳为2.5%.佛罗里达侧耳为2.3%。     

多花梾木种子发芽特性研究

[目的]研究多花株木种子的发芽特性.[方法]采用正交试验设计,研究在不同温度、不同酸蚀时间、不同GA3浸种浓度对种子发芽率的影响.[结果]温度对种子发芽影响较明显,在5℃低温处理下时长100 d发芽率最好,达72％.[结论]低温处理在一定条件下能提高多花株木种子的萌发能力.     

干旱胁迫对4个锦带花品种叶绿素及PSⅡ光化学活性的影响

为了明确干旱胁迫对四季锦带、红王子锦带、紫叶锦带和金叶锦带4个品种叶绿素质量分数和荧光参数的影响,采用田间持续干旱法,测定了各参数的变化曲线。结果表明：在干旱胁迫下,各品种叶绿素质量分数变化规律较一致,均呈不规则波动,其中四季锦带和金叶锦带、红王子锦带和紫叶锦带叶绿素质量分数曲线的变化趋势两两相似;胁迫显著降低了PSⅡ单位面积有活性反应中心数量RC／CSo、光化学性能指数PI,A,B,S值;荧光诱导曲线中K点相对可变荧光（Wk）和J点相对可变荧光（Vj）的值均较对照不同程度增加;暗适应下初始荧光Fo 值、PSⅡ最大光化学效率Fv／Fm 值均呈现下降趋势。总之,干旱胁迫下4个锦带花品种PSⅡ光化学活性受到不同程度的抑制,四季锦带对干旱的响应最强烈,其次是紫叶锦带和金叶锦带,红王子锦带最弱。     

Correlations of stomatal conductance with hydraulic, chemical and environmental variables in five urban tree species

Recent findings suggest that stomatal conductance (g_s) may be as closely linked to plant chemical variables as to hydraulic variables. To test this in an urban field setting, we examined seasonal g_s in relation to a number of plant and environmental variables in five temperate, deciduous tree species. Stomatal conductance was generally more closely correlated with abscisic acid concentrations in xylem sap than with shoot water potential, shoot osmotic potential, pH of xylem sap or environmental variables. Seasonal g_s was mostly poorly correlated with shoot water potential and osmotic potential. Among environmental variables, PPFD accounted for most variability in g_s. We tested a model, developed previously in maize, that describes regulation of g_s by abscisic acid concentration of xylem sap with leaf water status acting to modify stomatal sensitivity to the abscisic acid signal. This model explained somewhat more variation in g_s than abscisic acid concentrations alone. Response surface models, especially those incorporating environmental variables, were most successful at explaining g_s. Our findings with urban trees are consistent with the theory of regulation of g_s by root-sourced abscisic acid.     

湘西州水马桑的生物学特性及园林栽培技术

阐述湘西州水马桑的生物学特性,从苗木繁殖、栽植管理、病虫害防治等方面介绍其栽培技术,以为其在园林中的应用提供参考。     

大口黑鲈幼鱼低温耐受、耗氧率和窒息点研究

对大口黑鲈北方亚种（N）、佛罗里达亚种(F)及其正交子代（N♀×F♂）和反交子代（F♀×N♂）幼鱼的耐低温限度、耗氧率和窒息点进行了测定。结果表明：在驯化温度为20 ℃,降温速率为2 h/℃时,北方亚种的半致死低温最低为(3.10±0.17) ℃,佛罗里达亚种最高,为(5.05±0.21) ℃,正、反交子代介于两亲代群体之间,分别为(4.80±0.06) ℃和(4.20±0.17) ℃,对4种鱼的半致死低温进行单因素方差分析,显示4种大口黑鲈的半致死低温具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。采用封闭式流水装置测定大口黑鲈北方亚种、佛罗里达亚种及正反交子代的昼夜平均耗氧率分别为0.136 8 mg/(g·h)、0.1811mg/(g·h)、0.168 1mg/(g·h)和0.138 8 mg/(g·h),4个群体的昼夜平均耗氧率差异不明显。窒息点测定显示佛罗里达亚种的窒息点最高为0.4 mg/L,北方亚种的最低为0.33 mg/L,4个群体在窒息点上差异不显著（P>0.05）     

DNA amplification fingerprinting and marker screening for pseudo-testcross mapping of flowering dogwood ( Cornus florida L.)

DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) with arbitrary oligonucleotide primers was used to study genetic relationships between cultivars of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.), evaluate extent of plant hybridization, and generate markers in pseudo-testcross mapping at the intraspecific level. Modified Taguchi optimization methods defined a robust DAF system based on high annealing temperature (48–52 °C) and primer concentration (typically 8 μM) that was used to study genetic diversity of representative dogwood cultivars and hybrids. Phenetic analysis using cluster and numerical methods showed that: (1) cultivars were relatively conserved at the genetic level; (2) their hybridization could be identified in the F1 progeny in the absence of phenotypic or physiological markers; (3) several cultivars grouped according to their recorded ancestry; and (4) dogwood anthracnose-resistant lines originally selected in Catoctin Mountain Park (Maryland) grouped separately from those of southern origin. The DAF protocol was also tested in pseudo-testcross mapping of dogwood at the intraspecific level. A preliminary screening of parents ‘Pink Sachet’ and ‘Fragrant Cloud’ and 7 F1 segregants with 22 octamer primers produced 703 amplified loci, 30 and 39 of which were male and female markers segregating at 1:1 ratios with 98.6% confidence levels in pseudo-testcross configuration. Overall results show that DAF generated markers very efficiently (3 per primer) despite the close relatedness of parental dogwood cultivars. This study constitutes the basis for a future genetic linkage mapping and marker-assisted selection (MAS) effort initially targeted to control important fungal diseases in dogwood. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

6个铁线莲品种花粉保存方法

为了探究铁线莲花粉保存的最佳条件,研究比较了花粉采集时间(开花第1、2、3天)、干燥时间(12、24、48h)和保存温度(4、-20、-196℃)对花粉萌发率的影响。结果表明,花粉粒的平均直径均随着开花时间的延长而上升,且差异显著,其中‘蓝龙’花粉粒直径上升幅度最大为4.53μm,‘如梦’的上升幅度最小,为1.13μm。开花第2天采集的‘爱莎’、‘第一夫人’、‘冰美人’、‘亨利’和‘如梦’花粉萌发率最高,而开花第3天采集的‘蓝龙’花粉萌发率最高;‘第一夫人’、‘爱莎’和‘蓝龙’分别经过12~48h干燥后4℃保存的花粉相对存活率最高,分别为新鲜花粉的87.86%、71.27%和67.24%;‘亨利’、‘冰美人’和‘如梦’花粉干燥24h后-196℃保存的相对存活率最高,分别为新鲜花粉的59.65%、78.74%和69.33%。-20℃保存的铁线莲花粉相对存活率仅为0~56.85%。利用4和-196℃保存的花粉进行杂交验证试验,平均坐果率为70.7%~100%,初步明确了‘第一夫人’、‘爱莎’和‘蓝龙’花粉适合4℃保存,而‘亨利’、‘冰美人’和‘如梦’则适合液氮超低温保存,这为解决铁线莲品种间杂交的花期不遇问题奠定了基础。     

Effect of salt stress on the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of Weigela florida

Effects of salt stress on the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of Weigela florida were studied. The results showed that the leaf area of Weigela florida was enhanced at 0.1% and 0.2% salt concentration, but decreased obviously when salt concentration was higher than 0.3%. The symptom of the salt injury was not significant when the salt concentration was lower than 0.3%, but was significant when higher than 0.4%. The water content decreased gradually but the electrolyle leakage increased gradually with the increasing of salt concentration and time. The total content of chlorophyll was rising while salt concentration was lower than 0.3%, but decreased while salt concentration was higher than 0.4%. The proline contents increased gradually while salt concentration was lower than 0.5%, but decreased at 0.5%. The soluble sugar content increased gradually with the increasing of salt concentration and prolonging of treatment, but decreased at 0.4% salt concentration 15 days after salt treatment. To the photosynthetic characteristics, the salt concentrations of 0.1% and 0.2% did not affect the photosynthetic characteristics of Weigela florida, when salt concentration was higher than 0.3%, the salinity significantly reduced Pn, Gs and Tr, but enhanced intercellular CO₂ concentrations at the salt concentrations of 0.3% and 0.4%. It was indicated that 0.1% and 0.2% salt concentrations had little influence on Weigela florida. The growth of Weigela florida was slightly decreased at the salt concentration of 0.3% without effect on its normal growth. However, the salt concentration of 0.4% affected the growth of Weigela florida obviously. Weigela florida died 7 days after treatment and it could not normally grow when salt concentration is higher than 0.5%.     

红王子锦带茎段离体培养基的筛选

以红王子锦带带腋芽的茎段为外植体进行离体培养基的筛选。结果表明 :红王子锦带的离体培养以MS、WPM为基本培养基 ,附加适当比例的细胞分裂素(0.1～1mg·L-16 -BA)和生长素(0.01～0.1mg·L-1NAA)为宜。本试验采用方差分析及多重比较方法对试验数据进行处理 ,筛选出红王子锦带各培养阶段最佳培养基分别为:(1)外植体诱导培养基(A2) :MS +6 -0.1mg·L -1BA +0.01mg·L -1NAA ;(2)分化及继代培养基(B3) :MS +0.5mg·L -16 -BA +0.05mg·L -1NAA ;(3)生根培养基(C2) :WPM +0.4mg·L -1NAA。