台湾杉、秃杉引种栽培试验及生长效果分析

通过在福建省闽清美菰林场引进台湾杉与秃杉进行育苗和造林试验,结果表明:相同或不同海拔营造台湾杉与秃杉纯林,其两种树种间或不同海拔之间的林分主要指标的生长量差异不显著。试验还表明台湾杉与秃杉是福建省高海拔山地造林较为优良的用材树种,速生期长,可以扩大造林范围。     

Resources and bioactive substances from Taiwania (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Taiwania cryptomerioides</Emphasis>)

 Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata), native to Taiwan, is one of the most economically important tree species grown there. In this article we summarize the current results of phytochemistry and bioactivity of Taiwania extracts, including antifungal, antitermite, antibacterial, and antimite activities as well as cytotoxicity against three tumor cells. The resources of Taiwania are also addressed. Received: January 23, 2002 / Accepted: March 8, 2002 Acknowledgment The authors thank the National Science Council of R.O.C. for financial support (NSC-90-2313-B-002-344). Correspondence to:S.-T. Chang     

台湾杉引种造林试验初报

台湾杉在来舟林业试验场经6年的引种造林试验表明;1年生苗高16cm,造林4年后幼林平均高2.99m,胸径3.96cm;造林初期生长较缓慢,第4年明显加快;育苗与造林技术均容易掌握,具有重要的引种价值。     

Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model

Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main purpose of this research was to present an enhanced version of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model and to evaluate its performance using the established METRIC model. In this study, SSEB and METRIC ET fractions were compared using 7 Landsat images acquired for south central Idaho during the 2003 growing season. The enhanced SSEB model compared well with the METRIC model output exhibiting an r² improvement from 0.83 to 0.90 in less complex topography (elevation less than 2000 m) and with an improvement of r² from 0.27 to 0.38 in more complex (mountain) areas with elevation greater than 2000 m. Independent evaluation showed that both models exhibited higher variation in complex topographic regions, although more with SSEB than with METRIC. The higher ET fraction variation in the complex mountainous regions highlighted the difficulty of capturing the radiation and heat transfer physics on steep slopes having variable aspect with the simple index model, and the need to conduct more research. However, the temporal consistency of the results suggests that the SSEB model can be used on a wide range of elevation (more successfully up 2000 m) to detect anomalies in space and time for water resources management and monitoring such as for drought early warning systems in data scarce regions. SSEB has a potential for operational agro-hydrologic applications to estimate ET with inputs of surface temperature, NDVI, DEM and reference ET.     

小麦籽粒灌浆性状的轮回选择

１９９３－１９９５年，利用太谷核不育基因对小麦籽粒灌浆持续期和灌浆速率进行轮回选择。结果表明，３轮选择增益显著，每轮平均增益ＧＦＤ为４．７７％，ＧＦＲ为８．２１％，对ＧＦＤ和ＧＦＲ的选择彼此间呈负响应，两者的相关系数ｒ＝－０．９１２０。在灌浆期亚群中，退化小穗数和穗粒数间接增益较大。     

干旱胁迫下不同品种小麦4种功能基因的表达模式及相关生理指标分析

采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)对干旱胁迫下脂质转移蛋白基因(TaLTP1)、膨胀素基因(TaEXPB23)、水通道蛋白基因(TaAQP7)和果聚糖6-果糖基转移酶基因(Ta6-SFT)在4种小麦叶片中的表达情况进行分析;通过测定相对水分质量分数和果聚糖质量分数来判断小麦生长发育状况。结果显示:干旱胁迫48h内,4种基因在不同抗旱性小麦叶片中的表达模式不同,干旱敏感型小麦中4种基因的相对表达量先上升后下降,恢复到正常水平;干旱耐受型小麦中4种基因的相对表达量先上升后下降,但仍维持较高表达水平;干旱耐受型小麦具有较高的相对水分质量分数和果聚糖累积量。以上结果表明,4种基因参与小麦干旱胁迫应答,4种基因的表达模式可以作为鉴定小麦抗旱的分子指标。本研究可为准确快速地鉴定小麦品种抗旱性提供重要分子依据。     

环境温度、饲料、性别对肉鸡氨基酸表观消化率和氮、能代谢的影响

利用72只32日龄京白904肉仔鸡公母各半研究环境温度简称温度、饲料种类和鸡的性别对氨基酸表观消化率AAAA、氮能代谢的影响。试验采用3×2×2析因设计。试验鸡在8℃、24℃、30～32℃下处理14天,43日龄时,采用改进的真代谢能TME法测定3种温度下肉用公母鸡对玉米和豆粕的AAAA、代谢能及与氮代谢有关的指标。试验结果如下:饲料种类极显著地影响AAAAP<0.01。温度和性别对AAAA测值无显著影响P>0.05。内源干物质EDM排量不受温度的影响P>0.05。高温组表观代谢能AME显著高于低温组P<0.05,而常温组与高温组及低温组间差异不显著P>0.05。性别间AME无显著差异P>0.05。温度及性别对氮校正表观代谢能AMEn无显著影响P>0.05。尿酸FUA受温度影响极显著P<0.01。氮沉积率NR不受温度的影响P>0.05。氮平衡值NB受温度影响极显著P<0.01。     

台湾杉ISSR反应体系的建立及检测

在保持1U Taq酶和0.2 mmol/L dNTP两个条件不变的情况下,通过对模板DNA的浓度、引物浓度与Mg2+浓度的筛选,建立了台湾杉的优化ISSR反应体系,即在25 μ1的反应体系中,含有40 ng模板DNA、1 UTaq酶、0.2 mmol/L dNTP、0.4μmol/L引物、1.8 mmol/L Mg2+、2.5 μL 10×buffer.扩增程序为:94℃,4 min; 94℃,45s,51～56℃,45s,72℃,2 min,40个循环;72℃,7 min.利用这种优化的反应体系,筛选出了10条稳定性强、清晰度高并表现出一定多态性的ISSR引物,并进一步筛选出了这10条引物的最佳退火温度.应用这些引物对分布于湖北利川市星斗山保护区的台湾杉野生居群的20个样品进行了扩增,结果表明,利川星斗山台湾杉居群的多态位点百分率为61.97％,Nei's基因多样性和Shannon's信息指数分别为0.136 9和0.216 0.     

场发射FED器件MIM结构Ta-Ta2O5-Al薄膜的制备及性能

利用直流磁控溅射Ta膜和阳极氧化法制备Ta2O5薄膜,能谱分析（EDS）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）研究表明,在H3PO4电解液中添加少量的乙二醇制备的Ta2O5薄膜,呈非晶态,没有β-Ta2O5晶相出现.利用电击穿场强测试系统研究Ta-Ta2O5-Al复合薄膜制备FED器件（MIM结构）的绝缘性,证明采用磁控溅射和阳极氧化法成功制备了漏电流密度低、耐击穿场强高的Ta2O5薄膜.     

台湾杉与秃杉的幼苗形态特征研究及其栽培效果

通过对台湾杉和秃杉2种珍稀树种的引种栽培,观测幼苗发育过程与形态特征,分析引种栽培效果,结果表明:台湾杉与秃杉2个珍稀树种的育苗、造林均较为容易,其场圃发芽率分别为16.7%和33.7%,当年苗高和地径分别为13.5 cm、18.0 cm和0.26 cm、0.20 cm;4年生时平均树高和地径分别为1.37 m、2.64 m和2.70 cm、5.10 cm。