Influencing in vitro clonal propagation of Chonemorpha fragrans(moon) Alston by culture media strength,plant growth regulators,carbon source and photo periodic incubation

Chonemorpha fragrans is an endangered medicinal woody climber,regarded among alternative plant sources of camptothecin.Camptothecin is a monoterpene indole anti-cancer alkaloid with annual trade value of over three billion U.S.dollars in the recent,and is used in the production of its analog drugs approved for the chemotherapy of cancer of varied types.Effects of plant growth regulators,culture media strength and photoperi-odic duration on the micropropagation ef ciency of C.fragrans from nodal segment explants were studied on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium amended with Thidiazuron(TDZ),Benzylaminopurine(BAP)or Kinetin(Kin).Thidiazuron was more ef cient over BAP and Kin when half basal MS medium was used over full or quarter strength.Results of carbon source experiment showed sucrose as the most effective over glucose,fructose,and maltose in the clonal production.Studies on the photope-riodic incubation duration showed 12 h as the best light period and sub or supra-optimal resulted in the production of abnormal and albino micro shoots.Experimental results on the evaluation of physiological,biochemical parameters showed the role of pigment molecules and antioxidant systems in the production of albino micro shoots.     

黄瓜单倍体育种研究进展

综述了近几年来黄瓜单倍体育种的最新研究进展。包括黄瓜单倍体获得的途径,主要为辐射花粉培养、未授粉子房（胚珠）培养和花药培养等;单倍体培养时PGRs的种类及浓度,以及单倍体培育的制约因素等;分析了黄瓜单倍体试验中存在的问题和今后发展的方向。     

植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量品质的影响

大田栽培条件下,以马铃薯克新13为材料,叶面喷施植物生长调节剂2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,简称DTA-6)、缩节安(Mepiquat chloride,简称DPC)以及烯效唑(Uniconazole,简称S3307),研究植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量、品质形成的影响。结果表明:在马铃薯块茎膨大期喷施植物生长调节剂,均显著增加了单薯重、淀粉产量和鲜薯产量,其中,以DTA-6调控效果为最佳,单薯重、淀粉产量、鲜薯产量和淀粉含量比CK分别增加了10.40%、40.26%、26.56%和11.32%,块茎还原糖含量比CK降低了20%。此外,调节剂处理均提高了马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和细胞间隙CO_2浓度,加快了叶片的光合作用,各指标与产量之间呈正相关。随着时间的推移,各处理的叶片淀粉和蔗糖含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,淀粉酶活性呈降低的变化趋势,调节剂对叶片蔗糖转化酶活性的调控效果呈不同规律的变化。总体而言,调节剂均提高了马铃薯产量,改善了块茎品质,其中DTA-6处理效果最佳。     

基于超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱快速筛查绿茶中12种植物生长调节剂的方法研究

建立了超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱（ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry,UPLC-HRMS）快速筛查绿茶中2,4-滴、对氯苯氧乙酸、吲哚丁酸、氯吡脲和吲哚乙酸等12种植物生长调节剂的方法。采用CAPCELL PKA-C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,2 μm）,正离子模式下以体积分数为5%的甲醇水溶液（含有5 mmol/L乙酸铵和体积分数为0.1%甲酸）为流动相;负离子模式下以体积分数为5%甲醇水为流动相,梯度洗脱。在全扫描采集模式下,基于化合物的保留时间、准分子离子峰的精确质量数、碎片离子的精确质量数和同位素分布匹配指数,对目标物进行筛查分析。结果表明:12种植物生长调节剂在绿茶中的报告限（RL）为0.01 mg/kg;在0.01、0.1和0.5 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,其回收率在61%~130%之间,相对标准偏差在1.8%~17%之间。该方法简便快捷,可用于绿茶中常用植物生长调节剂的筛查。     

4种植物生长调节剂对冬小麦旗叶细胞形态的影响

为明确植物生长调节剂对冬小麦叶片细胞的调控效应,2008—2009年度在河北省藁城市以烯效唑、多效唑、麦巨金、麦业丰4种植物生长调节剂2种浓度的水溶液处理小麦,研究了对旗叶叶片细胞形态的影响。结果表明:与对照(清水)相比,4种调节剂对旗叶不同环数叶肉细胞的比例影响不大,仅常规浓度的麦巨金和加倍浓度的烯效唑使多环叶肉细胞的比例明显增加。4种调节剂处理的小麦旗叶3环叶肉细胞的长度和宽度都有所减小,尤以宽度的减小更为明显。常规浓度下,麦巨金处理的细胞宽度显著小于对照及其它调节剂处理。加倍浓度下,多效唑处理的细胞长度和宽度都显著小于对照和其它调节剂处理。4种调节剂常规和加倍浓度处理都使旗叶叶片的厚度增加,且与对照叶片厚度的差异显著或极显著。2种浓度的4种生长调剂处理后小麦的籽粒产量均有所提高,其中常规浓度的麦巨金、麦业丰和加倍后的多效唑、烯效唑对产量的提高效果最为显著,这是不同调节剂对3个产量构成因素的不同影响及其相互作用的结果。根据本研究结果,在小麦高产、超高产条件下叶面积指数已经很大的情况下,可以利用本研究中应用的生长调节剂,使小麦叶片厚度增厚,叶肉细胞变小,从而达到改善叶片质量和群体质量的目的。     

Embryogenesis and plant regeneration from anther culture in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.)

The object of this study was to induce embryogenesis and establish plant regeneration system for anther culture in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.). Cold pretreatment was a key factor, and supplement of 2,4-D in the media was absolutely necessary for induction of calluses from cultured loquat anthers. The best response of anthers to in vitro culture was obtained when a 48-h cold pretreatment was employed to flower buds at 4 °C in darkness. Genotype was a decisive factor for embryo differentiation. When anther-derived calluses of three loquat cultivars, i.e., cv. ‘Longquan1’, ‘Dawuxing’ and ‘Zaozhong6’, were transferred to embryo differentiation medium, embryos were induced only for cv. ‘Dawuxing’ on MS medium containing 3% sucrose, 0.23 μM ZT in combination with 0.05 μM NAA + 0.05 μM IBA or 0.11 μM NAA + 0.10 μM IBA, and the differentiation rates were 3.33% and 10.00%, respectively. The results of histological studies showed that embryos developed through typical globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledon stages after 4 weeks of culture. The treatment designed to mature the embryos on medium containing 3% of sucrose at 4 °C under darkness for 4 weeks was effective for subsequent embryo germination and plant conversion, which gave rise to 72.5% plant recovery. Cytological studies showed that 26 plantlets were haploids (n = 17) and the remaining 4 plantlets were diploids for the 30 regenerants tested.     

The Effects of Ethephon, Chlormequat Chloride and Mixtures of Ethephon and Chlormequat Chloride Applied at the Beginning of Stem Elongation on Spike-Bearing Shoots and other Yield Components of Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Effects of chlormequat chloride (CCC), ethephon and mixtures of CCC and ethephon, applied at Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 30 (the beginning of stem elongation) on the number of spike-bearing shoots and their contribution to grain yields of four spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were studied in 1987 and 1988 at McGill University, Quebec, Canada. The results varied between years and among cultivars. The mixtures of CCC and ethephon or ethephon alone, produced significant increases in the number of spikes m⁻² in cultivars Joly and Laurier , in both years, and in Leger only in 1988. Ethephon and ethephon containing mixtures reduced the yields of Joly and Leger in 1988. In both years CCC had no effect on spikes m⁻² for all cultivars. Increases in spikes m⁻² were accompanied by decreases in 1000-grain weight, and/or grains per spike, which offset or more than offset potential benefits from increased spikes m⁻². These results indicate that under continental climatic conditions such as those prevalent in Quebec, Canada, application of PGRs to spring barley at ZGS 30 does not increase grain yield through an increased number of spikes m⁻².     

In vitro germination and plantlet establishment of Labisia pumila (Bl.) F. Vill.

In vitro seeds germination and plantlet establishment of Labisia pumila were studied in this report. The seeds obtained from the mature fruits of L. pumila were sterilized and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid media supplemented with 1–3 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 3% (w/v) sucrose. The presence of BAP in the medium significantly affects seeds germination. High percentage of seeds germination (up to 90%) was successfully achieved after 2 weeks of culture on medium supplemented with 2 μM BAP. Up to 70% of explants produced shoots through direct regeneration from newly emerged epicotyls after 5 weeks of culture. The average of 8.1 ± 1.0 shoots per explant obtained on media treated with 2 μM BAP. Seedlings were further transferred to growth media fortified with different types of cytokinin. Result observed after 12 weeks showed that medium supplemented with 1 μM zeatin (ZEA) promote the highest growth with an average of 2.9 ± 1.0 cm shoot length and 7.7 ± 3.2 leaves per explant after 12 weeks. In addition, medium added with 2 μM BAP and supplemented with 3–4% (w/v) of sucrose promote the best growth i.e., 3.0 ± 0.6 shoots per explant, 2.27 ± 0.2 cm length and 4.3 ± 0.5 leaves per explant.     

Development of a regeneration protocol through indirect organogenesis in prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill)

An indirect organogenesis regeneration protocol for Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill var “Blanco sin Espinas” is described. One centimeter square cladode explants sections from previously micropropagated prickly pear plants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 20 different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and benzyladenine (BA). The best calli induction and regeneration response were observed when 2.26 μM 2,4-D and 2.21 μM BA combination was applied to the nopal explants. Regenerating calli was capable of forming new buds when transferred to MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 μM BA (proliferation medium). Shoot elongation and rooting were achieved on MS medium without plant growth regulators. Excellent acclimatization to greenhouse conditions was observed for all transferred plantlets. By this procedure no morphological differences were observed between the regenerated and mother plants. This protocol may be also utilized to carry out plant regeneration after genetic transformation, in order to develop transformed plants without the presence of chimeric zones.     

两种生长调节剂对大豆叶片昼夜同化物生理代谢及产量的影响

为探究两种不同类型植物生长调节剂对大豆叶片昼夜同化物生理代谢的影响,以两个大豆品种合丰50和垦丰16为试验材料,于始花期叶面喷施烯效唑(S₃₃₀₇)和2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(DTA-6),在鼓粒期的一昼夜内依次选取9∶30、17∶30、21∶30和5∶30(次日)4个时间点,测定功能叶片中蔗糖含量、淀粉含量、淀粉转化率、蔗糖代谢关键酶活性,并于成熟期测产。结果表明:S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6处理均能促进两品种叶片蔗糖和淀粉在白天的积累和夜间的降解,且S₃₃₀₇对两品种叶片蔗糖的调控效果优于DTA-6,DTA-6调控两品种叶片淀粉的作用效果优于S₃₃₀₇。在不同时间点S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6处理均能够提高两品种叶片夜间蔗糖和淀粉转运率。S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6处理能够提高两品种叶片蔗糖合酶和蔗糖磷酸合酶活性,且均在17∶30达最大值;S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6在整个昼夜变化中提高两品种蔗糖转化酶的活性。S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6能够有效调控两品种的单株荚数和单株粒数,提高产量,S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6处理后合丰50产量与对照相比分别增加17.76%和37.67%,垦丰16产量与对照相比分别增加11.34%和32.49%。综上所述,S₃₃₀₇和DTA-6处理均能通过促进叶片昼夜同化物代谢,提高合丰50和垦丰16大豆品种产量。