采用Fluo-3 AM-ester探针研究桃不同组织的Ca^2＋信号分布

钙作为植物最重要的矿质元素之一,在植物生理和生化活动中起重要作用。采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜,以Fluo-3 AM-ester为荧光探针研究了桃果肉和叶柄组织中Ca2＋的分布,结果表明Fluo-3 AM-ester可作为荧光探针对桃不同组织中游离的Ca2＋信号强度和分布特征进行分析。不同的物镜观察（10×和20×）下,C...     

Identifying the ploidy of ginkgo pollen using laser scanning confocai and scanning electron microscope.

以经秋水仙碱诱导获得的银杏大花粉为材料,以未经处理的正常银杏花粉为对照,利用扫描电子显微镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜分别观察2种花粉表面形态,并分析对比其细胞内的DNA相对荧光量与银杏大花粉核内染色体倍性关系,为正确检出银杏二倍体花粉奠定重要工作基础。研究结果表明,此方法用于花粉粒的倍性鉴定科学准确,所需试验样本少,实用性强,在植物花粉倍性鉴定中有着较好的应用前景。     

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜在植物研究中的应用

荧光成像技术、光学显微镜和计算机成像分析系统的完美结合催生了激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)的出现,其优越的结构特点实现了将较厚样品能够逐点逐层扫描成清晰图像,有利于各种荧光信号的采集,直观进行三维重建和样品多重荧光信号采集进行的定量分析。这些优势功能极大地提高了从细胞、分子水平来探求生物时空表达基本功能的能力。本文详细阐述了近年来随着该项技术发展的日益多样化,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术在植物组织化学、植物细胞器和细胞骨架、植物发育方面的应用。     

1个水稻雌配子不育突变体的筛选及初步分析

在水稻转基因后代中,筛选到1个与雌配子育性相关的突变体,该突变体自交后代群体外源标记基因(潮霉素磷酸转移酶hpt)保持1∶1的分离规律,连续6代自交没有得到纯合株系;正、反杂交以及测交分析显示,潮霉素抗性基因只能通过雄配子进行传递;结实率统计分析表明具有外源标记基因hpt的单株有近乎一半的雌配子发生败育,胚囊的育性与外...     

Determination of the Photoperiod-Sensitive Inductive Phase in Maize with Leaf Numbers and Morphologies of Stem Apical Meristem

It is vital to determine the effective photoperiods of maize for making full use of tropical germplasm, which is the foundation for determining the effect of latitude and planting date on the development of photoperiod-sensitive maize cultivars. The objective of this study is to determine the photoperiod-sensitive inductive phase using reciprocal transfer between long- day （LD） （15 h d^-1） and short-day conditions （SD） （9 h d^-1）. For Huangzao 4 and CML288, days to tassel and pollen shedding were recorded, and stem apical meristems （SAM） were observed by a laser scanning confocal microscope. The results show that the seedlings are insensitive to photoperiod when they are very young （juvenile）. However, after this period, LD delays flowering and increases the leaf numbers below the inflorescence, and the length of the interval of the photoperiod-sensitive inductive phase is longer under LD conditions than under SD conditions. Transferred from SD to LD, plants show a sudden decrease in leaf numbers once sufficient SD has been received for flower commitment. While transferred from LD to SD, plants have a continuous increase in leaf numbers during the photoperiod sensitive inductive phase under LD conditions. At the same time, when plants are competent to flowers, the obvious morphology is the elongation of maize SAM. There is an obvious variance of the photoperiod sensitive phase under LD and SD conditions in different maize.     

应用LSCM和SEM鉴定银杏花粉的倍性

以经秋水仙碱诱导获得的银杏大花粉为材料,以未经处理的正常银杏花粉为对照,利用扫描电子显微镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜分别观察2种花粉表面形态,并分析对比其细胞内的DNA相对荧光量与银杏大花粉核内染色体倍性关系,为正确检出银杏二倍体花粉奠定重要工作基础。研究结果表明,此方法用于花粉粒的倍性鉴定科学准确,所需试验样本少,实用性强,在植物花粉倍性鉴定中有着较好的应用前景。      

油杉花粉发育进程的共聚焦显微镜观察

油杉为我国特有易危树种.为探究油杉花粉发育过程,其花粉样品经荧光染料曙红和Hoechst 33342双染并以冬青油透明后,在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察.结果表明:单核小孢子经过连续4次有丝分裂后形成5-细胞型花粉粒,成熟花粉由2个退化的原叶细胞、1个精原细胞(体细胞)、1个不育细胞(柄细胞)和1个管细胞组成.应用激光扫描共聚焦显微术结合荧光染色技术能更清晰地显示出油杉花粉发育过程中的核相变化,观察效果远较常规的醋酸洋红染色法理想.此技术可用于其他花粉发育阶段的鉴定.      

黑松花粉与花粉管中的微管分布

应用免疫荧光标记法结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜术对黑松花粉和花粉管中的微管骨架进行观察.结果表明:黑松萌发花粉内存在一密集的微管网络,在花粉粒中微管呈斜向或横向分布,在伸长的花粉管内微管呈轴向排列,并一直延伸至花粉管顶端.花粉管顶端区域的微管网络荧光特别明亮.在含秋水仙碱的培养基中萌发的黑松花粉,其花粉管形态明显异常,特别是花粉管顶端肿胀的频率显著提高.认为是秋水仙碱破坏了花粉管顶端区域的微管骨架而导致顶端肿胀的产生,这说明分布于裸子植物花粉管顶端的微管网络对于维持正常的花粉管顶端形态具有重要作用.裸子植物花粉管顶端的生长可能与被子植物不同,微管网络参与了引导顶端生长的方向.     

显微镜技术研究进展

对光学显微镜以及电子显微镜的发展进行了回顾,重点介绍了自20世纪以来显微镜技术的重大进展,并对激光共聚焦显微镜和扫描隧道显微镜进行了重点介绍。     

The Expression of the IGF Family During Mouse Mammary Gland Development

This study was to determine the patterns and levels of IGF family members＇ expression during postnatal mammary gland development. The authors investigated the protein expression profile of the major components of the IGF axis in murine mammary glands. All the proteins examined, IGF- Ⅰ, IGF- Ⅱ, and IGF- Ⅰ receptor （IGF-Ⅰ R） were expressed at greatly different levels and displayed unique expression profiles. IGF- Ⅱ and IGF- ⅠR were always expressed at significantly higher levels than IGF- Ⅰ. IGF- Ⅰwas localized in adipocytes as well as the epithelial and stromal compartments, but just distinctly expressed where mammary cells aggregated to form ducts, in virgins. The IGF- Ⅱ was localized only on the basal layer epithelial cell membranes of ducts and alveoli, with a peak level on the initiation of lactation. The higher level of IGF- ⅠR compared with IGF- Ⅰ was also found in adipocytes as well as in the epithelial and stromal compartments, especially during pregnancy and late lactation. The IGF- Ⅰ R pathway was obviously significant for the development of the mammary parenchyma and stroma. Overall, the comparison of the expression profiles of these different proteins would strongly suggest that they were likely to have different functions throughout the mammary gland development, and it also highlighted the potential interactions and coregulation of the members of this axis. It seems that IGF- Ⅱ was the major local modulator rather than IGF- Ⅰ by an IGF- Ⅰ R-independent pathway, especially for initiation of lactation. This study has demonstrated the importance and complexity of the IGF axis during mammary gland development and provides a valuable resource for future research in this area.