荣成市无花果种植的自然条件分析及主要气象灾害防御

从温度、降水、土壤、光照等方面对荣成市无花果种植的自然条件进行了分析,并就无花果生长期可能遇到的气象灾害进行了讨论,提出要充分利用当地的气候资源,趋利避害,提高无花果的产量。为荣成市无花果的生产和管理及进一步推广提供了科学依据。     

Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of selected fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions from the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey

Fig has been a typical fruit component of the health-promoting Mediterranean diet for a very long time. Phytochemical characters and antioxidant capacity of green-, yellow-, brown-, purple-, and black-fruited fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions were investigated. In this study, total phenolics (TP), total anthocyanins (TA), fructose (FRUC), glucose (GLUC), sucrose (SUC), and variables (such as L*, a*, C*, and hue°) describing fruit skin colors were examined. Also, the antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fig fruits was determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with the polyphenol and anthocyanin (r = 0.74 and 0.63, respectively) contents of fruits. Black fig accessions had the highest TAC (range of 7.9–16.1, mean 12.4 Fe²⁺ mmol/kg FW), TA (range of 32.3–356.0, mean 128.4 μg cy-3-rutinoside/g FW), and TP content (range of 69.1–220.0, mean 118.9 mg GAE/100 g FW). These black-fruited accessions had 2-fold greater TAC, 15-fold greater TA, and 2.5-fold greater TP than green and yellow fig accessions. However, the FRUC, GLUC, and SUC content of brown and purple fig accessions were higher than those of other color groups. The predominant sugars present were fructose (∼56%) and glucose (∼43%), as determined by HPLC.     

8个无花果品种在阿图什引种栽培初期的物候期及生长量比较

[目的]研究8个无花果品种在阿图什引种栽培初期的物侯期及生长情况。[方法]以从山东省嘉祥县引进的8个无花果品种为试材,在阿图什市克州北山戈壁产业科技示范园进行大棚温室和露地栽培试验,比较了各无花果品种的物候期、生长量和产量等指标,观察各品种在阿图什市的表现。[结果]与露地栽培相比,大棚温室栽培的同种无花果品种均表现早萌动、早展叶、果实早成熟、晚落叶,年生长期明显短于露地栽培。大棚温室栽培条件下,8个无花果品种的株高、地径、新梢年生长量和单株产量均明显高于露地栽培。在大棚温室栽培的8个品种中丰产黄的株高最高,为1.56 m;地径最大的是丰产黄,为22.27 mm;新梢年生长量最大的是布兰瑞克,为1.30 m;单株产量最高的是布兰瑞克,为2.00 kg/株。露地栽培条件下株高最高的是波姬红,为1.05 m;地径最大的是波姬红,为28.10mm;新梢年生长量最高的是波姬红,为1.04 m;产量最高的是布兰瑞克,为1.30 kg/株。[结论]8个无花果品种均可在新疆阿图什正常生长及结实,其中布兰瑞克的丰产性较好。     

The colonization preference and population trends of larval fig psylla, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Homotoma ficus</Emphasis> L. (Hemiptera: Homotomidae)

The colonization preference and population trends of larval fig psylla Homotoma ficus L. were studied in Bursa, northwestern Turkey, from March 2000 to July 2001. Homotoma ficus overwintered at the egg stage on terminal buds and lenticels of shoots. Larval emergence occurred on 30th and 11th March in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Degree-day (DD) accumulations since 1st January indicate that the emergence of first larvae averaged 47 DD based on the larval developmental threshold of 10.9°C. Although the population trends of Homotoma ficus larvae were affected by temperature and rainfall, there was only significant relationship between larval abundance and temperature. The first instar larvae significantly preferred the bottom and the inside stipule of leaves. The second instar larvae distributed not only on expanding green tissues but also on both the upper and lower surface of leaves corresponding to the fig bud development period. Third to fifth instars colonized significantly greater on the bottom of leaves compared with the stipule and upper surface. In addition, significant linear relationship was found between fig phenology and cumulative larval counts. The importance of the colonization preference of larval instars and the use of fig phenology as well as DD for timing of insecticide treatments are discussed.     

粤北地区设施无花果水肥一体化栽培技术规程

设施栽培是指利用温室、塑料大棚或其他设施,通过改变或控制农作物生长发育的环境因子(光照、温度、水分、二氧化碳等),对农作物生产进行调控的一项新技术。目前关于广东省设施栽培无花果的报道相对较少,为规范设施无花果栽培技术,种植出高品质无花果,本文总结了粤北地区设施无花果栽培的产地环境、选址建棚、设施环境、设施栽植技术、设施水肥管理、通风、采光、温度、湿度管理,以及无花果整形修剪、病虫草害防治、收获和储藏等技术要点,以期为粤北地区无花果标准化种植提供依据。     

Effects of different nutrient solution formulations on morphological and biochemical characteristics of nursery fig trees grown in substrate culture

This research was carried out to determine the effects of different nutrient solution formulations on the growth of nursery fig trees in substrate culture, which is one of the soil-less culture techniques. The hardwood cuttings of Ficus carica L. cv. “Sar?lop” (Calimyrna) were planted into pots filled with 13 L of perlite. Five different nutrient solution formulations were tested on the quality and growth progress of nursery fig trees. The trials were conducted in two different growing conditions, namely, high-tunnel and open-field conditions in substrate culture. To observe the effect of different nutrient solution formulations on nursery fig trees, some morphological and biochemical characteristics were determined. It was concluded that the use of Hewitt's and Hoagland's nutrient solution formulations led to increased growth of nursery fig trees in high-tunnel and open-field conditions, respectively.     

无花果存贮保鲜盒的研制

针对无花果鲜果不耐贮运,易腐烂,而现有的保鲜盒设计不科学,结构、存放槽和存放冰袋的区域单一,用以存贮无花果时,易损坏无花果的桔梗,影响无花果的美观和保鲜效果等问题,根据无花果果实形状和特点,研制了一种无花果存贮保鲜盒,具有保鲜效果好、设计新颖美观、结构简单、成本低等特点。介绍了其结构组成、使用方法、创新点等。     

Effect of pollination intensity,frequency and pollen source on fig (Ficus carica L.) productivity and fruit quality

Yield and fruit quality in fig (Ficus carica L.) are highly dependent on cultural practices especially caprification (pollination). However, this technique remains not well controlled in Tunisia. This study was conducted during two successive years, 2009 and 2010, to investigate different pollination conditions, i.e. number of caprifigs and repetitions of caprification on fruiting of two cultivars Bouhouli (San Pedro type) and Zidi (Smyrna type). In addition, the efficiency of four pollen sources was evaluated to identify the most effective pollinator for female cultivar Zidi. The following parameters were recorded: fruit number per shoot, fruit set, productivity, fruit characteristics and vegetative growth.     

不同处理对无花果保鲜效果的研究

[目的]寻找绿色、实用及廉价的无花果鲜果贮藏途径。[方法]以新鲜无花果为供试材料,分别采用热水处理、冷激处理及大蒜提取液处理等方法,研究其在4℃条件下的保鲜效果。[结果]各处理均能抑制无花果腐烂指数和丙二醛（MDA）含量的上升,延缓果实的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及维生素C含量的下降。其中冷激处理1.5 h的保鲜效果明显优于其他各组处理。[结论]在不影响无花果果实品质的前提下,冷激处理1.5 h的保鲜效果最好,操作简便,是一种理想的无花果保鲜处理方法。     

Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) in fig cultivars (Ficus carica L.)

Sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) were analysed in a set of Tunisian fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars. The size of the spacers sequences ranged from 200 to 279 bases for ITS1 and from 253 to 314 bases for ITS2. Variation of GC contents has been also observed and scored as 59–68% and 55–68% for ITS1 and ITS2, respectively. This data exhibited the presence of polymorphism among cultivars. The intra-specific variability level of the ITS sequences proved a variation both in the length and in the sequences studied. In fact, ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were considered as a useful tool to establish genetic relationships among cultivars. Our results indicate that the diversity detected among closely related genotypes supported strongly the efficiency of ITS sequences for establishing relationships between cultivars. ITS2 seems to be relatively more informative than ITS1 regarding length or GC contents. Considerable genetic diversity was observed among fig at intra and inter-cultivars levels. Two polyclonal varieties were identified. In addition, data proved that a typically continuous genetic diversity characterizes the local fig germplasm. The topology of the derived dendrogram strongly supported this assumption. In fact, genotypes are clustered independently from their geographical origin or the sex of trees suggesting a narrow genetic basis among the ecotypes studied in spite of their phenotypic distinctiveness. Implications of these results for management of fig germplasm collections are discussed.