智能合约技术在林果溯源中的应用研究

针对现有的农产品质量追溯系统缺乏统一标准，不能对产品供应链信息进行有效监控，产品信息可能会被恶意篡改而失去可信度等问题，本文利用智能合约构建多模块溯源模型，设计相应的用户合约函数规则，提高了追溯信息的可信度，采用以太坊结合IPFS分布式存储技术作为主要存证的底层数据库，保证了数据的安全性。最后本文以皖北特色林果为例，设计了一套林果产业链可信溯源系统，通过在企业部署运行，结果表明该系统运行可靠，溯源结果可信度高。     

A NEW APPROACH OF OPTIMIZATION

In this paper, a necessary optimality condition of problems with equality constraints is investigated by the implicit function theorem in n-dimensional Euclidean space. A new approach solving these problems is obtained. The number of dimensions of corresponding system of equations is less than the classic Lagrangian multiplier method.     

基于MATLAB/Simulink的单缸发动机动态仿真

以MATLAB的动态仿真工具箱Simulink为平台，应用联立约束法建立了单缸发动机曲柄连杆机构动态分析的仿真模型，并根据闭环矢量方程将相容性检验模块嵌入了仿真模型。代入S195柴油机的各项参数后执行仿真．结果表明该仿真方法能方便、准确地得到机构的运动、动力数据，能为机构的选型、优化设计提供参考依据。     

基于专用性投资优化的BPO触发策略契约设计

为解决业务流程外包(BPO)中的套牢问题,结合触发策略设计与构建了业务流程外包触发策略契约,并利用反向归纳法进行了算法推导与论证。算例结果表明,业务流程外包触发策略契约下的专用性投资水平、整体收益和接发包商收益都有所提高。触发策略契约能更有效地解决业务流程外包中的套牢问题,优化专用性资产投资水平,达到帕累托改进。     

Logging pattern and landscape changes over the last century at the boreal and deciduous forest transition in Eastern Canada

Forestry practices associated with the industrial era (since ~1900) have altered the natural disturbance regimes and greatly impacted the world’s forests. We quantified twentieth century logging patterns and regional scale consequences in three sub-boreal forest landscapes of Eastern Canada (117,000, 49,400 and 92,300 ha), comparing forestry maps depicting age and forest cover types for early industrial (1930) and present-day (2000) conditions. Results were similar for the three landscapes, indicating large-scale forest change during the twentieth century. In 1930, previous logging activities had been concentrated in the lowlands and along the main hydrographical network, as compared to a more even distribution over the landscapes in 2000, reflecting a decreasing influence of the environmental constraints on forest harvesting. In 1930, old-aged forests (>100 years) accounted for more than 75% of the unlogged areas of the three landscapes, as compared to less than 15% for the present-day conditions. Logging practices have thus inverted the stand age distribution of the landscapes that are currently dominated by young and regenerating stands. The 1930 forest cover types showed a clear relationship with elevation, with conifers located in the lowlands and mixed and deciduous stands restricted to the upper slopes. Between 1930 and 2000, 58–64% of the conifer areas transformed to mixed and deciduous forests, such that no clear altitudinal relationships remained in 2000. We conclude that twentieth century logging practices have strongly altered the preindustrial vegetation patterns in our study area, to the point that ecosystem-based management strategies should be developed to restore conifer dominance, altitudinal gradients, as well as the irregular structure inspired from old forest stands.     

时空可变性的思考

对爱因斯坦的相对论,即时空可变性的理论提出质疑。认为各种天体运动的联系情景不同,给人的感觉和对人的作用不会相同。空间的可变性存在于对物体运动的视觉感应;时间的可变性存在于摆脱地球绕日旋转对人的制约关系。     

范例教学法在《SQL Server数据库》教学中的应用

介绍了范例教学法及其基本原则，选择学生成绩管理系统为教学实例，通过外键约束这一知识点的讲解探讨了范例教学法在该课程教学的应用，在实际教学中取得较好的效果，为其他实践性强的课程教学提供了参考。     

改可变容差法为给定容差法

给定容差法是相对于可变容差法提出的。用给定容差法求解有约束的非线性规划问题,计算时间减少到可变容差法的1/5～1/4。利用给定容差法己在APPLE-Ⅱ微型计算机上求解过20个独立变量、40个约束方程的非线性规划问题。此法可在微型机上推广应用。     

基于最优轮伐期模型的超限额采伐现象及其约束机制分析

文中将最优轮伐期模型应用于对超限额采伐现象的研究,认为由于国有森工企业的利润大多来自于木材销售收入,而企业领导的任期是有限的,他们只关心自己任期内的业绩,导致企业经营的目标实际上是短期木材收益的最大化,而不是我们所期待的可持续木材与生态综合收益最大化,甚至也不是私人拥有森林时所追求的长期木材收益的最大化。他们会设法突破政府设定的采伐限额,增加采伐量,造成森林资源加速衰退的不良后果,不仅生态功能迅速萎缩,木材产量也无法长期维持下去。同样的情形在国有林场短期租赁给私人经营时也极易发生。为尽量杜绝这种现象,有必要通过建立有效的监督和惩罚机制使超采所带来的额外收益小于被发现时上缴罚款的数学期望值,以此从根本上遏制住企业超限额采伐的动机。     

基于低成本惯导和运动约束的农机高精度定位系统研究

北斗定位系统(BDS)能够实现厘米级的定位,在农机导航系统中获得了广泛应用。然而,单纯的卫星定位系统存在一些局限性,比如易受外界遮挡、数据频率低等。因此,在导航系统中集成惯性元件并发展组合导航技术成为重要研究方向。考虑到高性能惯导成本很高,不利于推广应用,本文研究了农业场景下,使用低成本惯导和BDS构成组合导航系统。为提高定位精度,解决由BDS中断导致误差发散的问题,设计了零速修正。同时,分析了BDS/INS组合导航系统中航向角误差不可观测的原因和误差来源,设计了航向约束方法。当BDS信息可用时,利用双天线航向角信息来抑制航向角误差的累积;当BDS中断时,使用零角速度修正。通过现场实验验证,当BDS可用时,零速修正可以将位置、速度和水平姿态的精度分别提高20%、40%和15%以上,航向约束可以将航向角精度提高90%以上;BDS中断时,零速修正可以将位置、速度的精度提高90%以上,水平姿态的精度提高80%以上,航向约束可以将航向角精度提高40%以上。