甜樱桃光合作用研究进展

作者综述了甜樱桃光合作用的基本特性,以及甜樱桃品种间的差异、叶片内部叶绿素含量、不同节位、不同冠层、环境条件(光照、温度、水分和空气)等内、外因素对甜樱桃光合作用的影响,并对今后甜樱桃光合作用研究进行了展望,旨为甜樱桃科研与生产提供参考。     

抗青枯病樱桃番茄品种的初步筛选及评价

对28个樱桃番茄品种的田间抗病性、植株类型、单果质量、果色、可溶性固形物含量等主要经济性状进行调查。试验结果表明,感病品种红艳发病最重,发病率为73.67%,其次是红箭、红日和金艳,发病率分别为23.33%、21.67%和20.33%,其他品种发病率都在20%以下;28个品种的果实颜色、大小、口感等差异明显,除黑宝石映泰及黄金蛋可溶性固形物含量在4.10%以下外,其他品种可溶性固形物含量都达5.20%以上。综合分析,筛选出绿天使、粉仙、红娘9号、绿圆、格丽贝、红椭圆等11个抗青枯病且经济性状优良的樱桃番茄品种,为优质抗青枯病樱桃番茄的选育和推广提供了参考。     

鸡粪沼液复合微生物有机肥在温室樱桃番茄上的应用效果研究

为了探讨鸡粪沼液复合微生物有机肥在樱桃番茄上的田间应用效果,在滴灌施肥的条件下,设置化肥和液体复合微生物有机肥两个处理进行对比应用,结果表明施用液体复合微生物有机肥的处理其单果重可提高39.69%,含糖量可提高11.94%,茎粗可提高8.76%,Vc含量可提高5.72%,产量可提高30.95%,节约成本1.32%,可有效促进作物生长,提高果实着色均匀度,提高作物抗病性。同时,土壤速效氮提高6.87%,土壤速效磷46.23%,土壤速效钾提高16.86%,有机质含量提高12.64%,为作物提供了良好的生长环境。说明液体复合微生物有机肥对作物产量、品质以及土壤改良均有显著的提升作用,具有一定的应用前景。     

樱桃番茄新品种钱江红珠的选育

钱江红珠是以X1R为母本、KY-10-1为父本配制而成的杂交1代樱桃番茄新品种。该品种属无限生长型,中熟,生长势强。果实长圆,大红色,大小均匀,单果质量16~18 g,硬度好,耐贮运,春季667 m²平均产量5000 kg左右,抗TMV(Tobacco mosaic virus),中抗CMV(Cucumber mosaic virus)、叶霉病、灰叶斑病及TYLCV。适合浙江省保护地栽培。2020年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。     

黑色/长梨形樱桃番茄种质的研究利用

以樱桃番茄黑褐色圆形自交系Z1、红黑色长梨形自交系Z2、红色圆形、浅粉红色扁圆形、
橙黄色长椭圆形和黄色圆形等自交系为试材，进行不完全双列杂交配制组合。通过对杂交组合后代的农艺
性状、品质特性和抗病性等的调查研究，探究黑色樱桃番茄种质品质改良和长梨形果形的利用，为今后特
殊果形果色番茄种质的创新利用提供参考。结果表明：樱桃番茄果色黑色性状为隐性性状；亲本为圆形果
或扁圆形果×长梨形果、长椭圆形果×长梨形果时，F₁ 果形分别是椭圆形与长指形。     

Tembusu virus infection in Cherry Valley ducks: The effect of age at infection

Three groups of Cherry Valley ducks at 5 day, 2 week and 5 week of age were intranasally infected with the WFCL strain of Tembusu virus (TMUV) to investigate the effect of host age on the outcome of TMUV infection. For each age group, clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, viral copy numbers in tissues and serum neutralizing antibody titers were recorded. Age-related differences in the resistance to TMUV infection were observed with younger ducks being more susceptible. Some ducks infected at 5 day and 2 week of age developed severe clinical signs, including severe neurological dysfunction and death. However, subclinical signs and no mortality were observed in ducks infected at 5 week of age. A decline in the severity of gross and microscopic lesions was observed as ducks mature. Systemic infections were established in the three age groups post challenge. Higher viral copy numbers in the tissues, especially in vital organs such as the brain and the heart, were developed in the ducks infected at 5 day of age than older ducks, correlating with the severity of clinical signs and lesions in the tissues. Furthermore, ducks infected at 5 week of age developed significantly higher serum neutralizing antibody titers than ducks infected at 5 day of age as determined by serum neutralization test. Therefore, age-related differences in the resistance to TMUV infection should be considered when studying the pathogenicity, pathogenesis, formulation of the vaccination and therapy strategies of TMUV infection in ducks.     

樱桃番茄种质资源亲缘关系的InDel和SSR标记分析

选用18对InDel引物和15对SSR引物对30份樱桃番茄高代自交系育种材料进行遗传多样性分析。多态性分析结果表明,InDel标记比SSR标记的多态性低;遗传距离分析结果表明,30份樱桃番茄种质材料两两间的遗传距离(GD)在0.052~0.993之间,平均遗传距离仅为0.391,遗传距离小于0.5的种质材料占到了77.24%。在相似系数为0.65的水平上,可将30份樱桃番茄材料分为3类。     

鲁中山区大樱桃温室扣棚时间和升温时间分析

试验选取鲁中山区的3个大樱桃温室,进行从冬季扣棚开始至大樱桃升温期间温度等气象要素观测,同时结合温室管理人员对扣棚时间、升温时间的记录以及温室大樱桃的生长状况,研究温室大樱桃的扣棚时间和最合适的升温时间。结果表明,鲁中山区温室大樱桃扣棚时间在12月中下旬,当该时期外界温度下降至-19.1℃时,花芽冻坏率为30%,建议在该时期强冷空气来临之前扣棚;升温时间在次年1月上旬,升温时间要在满足需冷量的前提下,根据试验结果,7.2℃模型的最小需冷量为1 070 h,0~7.2℃模型的需冷量为484 h。     

沙漠日光温室樱桃番茄沙培品种适应性筛选研究

试验引进了15个樱桃番茄品种,在宁夏中卫市沙漠日光温室内沙培条件下开展了品种适应性的筛选,结果表明:京丹黄玉、北京樱桃、千禧、虹彩、千禧201、绿彩、优选黄圣果、紫玫瑰320、黄莺1号等9个品种的产量比对照京丹1号增产幅度在4.5%~42.5%,各项综合指标优于或等同于对照,品质较好,适合在沙漠日光温室的秋冬茬中应用。