白屈菜CmFAD2基因的克隆及植物转化载体构建

通过对白屈菜低温应答过程的转录组分析发现膜脂不饱和化相关基因的表达在一定过程中发生变化,脂肪酸去饱和酶基因FAD2在随温度的变化趋势为正"V"型,且表达量变化显著。利用NCBI等在线软件对序列进行相关生物学信息分析,并对白屈菜FAD家族成员FAD2基因的完整开放阅读框(ORF)进行克隆,并命名为CmFAD2。选用克隆载体pMD-19-T,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,测序验证序列正确性及完整性。将目的基因与植物表达载体pRI-201-AN连接构建重组DNA pRI-201-AN-Cm FAD2,电击法转化农杆菌LBA4404,利用菌液PCR法验证成功。该基因可作为药用植物抗寒品种创制的候选基因。     

Artificial decrease of leaf area affects inflorescence quality but not floral size in Antirrhinum majus

We have studied the effect of artificial modification of leaf area on inflorescence and floral quality in Antirrhinum majus. We used two treatments where we clipped all the leaves except the first three pairs of true leaves, or we cut every leaf visible by the time the plant had six leaf pairs. Decreased leaf area caused a decrease in stem elongation that could be traced back to a decrease in internode elongation. Leaves left on the plant increased their size beyond control. Inflorescence quality was strongly affected since total floral number showed a strong decrease with reduced leaf area. In contrast, floral size hardly changed. Breeding programs in Antirrhinum should take into account growth conditions affecting leaf area when searching for changes in inflorescence quality while floral size can be screened independently of this factor.     

离体培养条件下金鱼草多倍体诱导研究

在离体培养条件下 ,研究了秋水仙素不同浓度、不同处理时间对金鱼草实生苗的诱变效果。结果表明 ,金鱼草多倍体诱导容易成功 ,0 1%～ 0 2 %秋水仙素处理 12～ 36h均能成功地诱导出金鱼草多倍体。以二倍体金鱼草为对照 ,对四倍体金鱼草形态特征和光合作用特性进行了初步研究。结果表明四倍体金鱼草叶色浓绿、叶片肥厚 ,特别是花形巨大 ,花瓣厚而挺 ,花色艳丽 ,气孔和花粉粒比二倍体显著增大。且四倍体金鱼草的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度均比二倍体高。另外 ,还进行了四倍体与二倍体的杂交试验 ,获得了三倍体金鱼草。     

金鱼草基因转化中卡那霉素筛选压力的确定

在以抗生素为筛选标记的基因转化中,确定适宜的筛选压力是提高基因转化率的前提。本研究以卡那霉素为筛选标记,在10、20、30、50和100mg／L的筛选压力下,根据金鱼草下胚轴外植体的生长表现、愈伤组织和芽的分化率确定适宜的筛选浓度。结果表明,适宜卡那霉素的筛选浓度为50mg／L。以此浓度为筛选压力进行遗传转化所获得的部分再生苗经Southernblot鉴定,均为转化株。     

3种生长调节剂对金鱼草穴盘苗生长调控作用

【目的】探明能有效控制金鱼草穴盘苗出圃不及时造成徒长的生长调节剂种类和质量浓度。【方法】以金鱼草穴盘苗为材料,设置不同质量浓度梯度的矮壮素、B9和多效唑,测定株高、最大节间长、叶片数和冠幅。【结果】结果表明3种调节剂均能够有效抑制金鱼草的株高和节间,但对叶片数和冠幅无明显作用。矮壮素适宜质量浓度为750mg/L、B9为3 000mg/L、多效唑为2mg/L。【结论】使用矮壮素、B9和多效唑3种生长调节剂均可有效控制金鱼草穴盘苗徒长,提高穴盘苗质量。     

Evaluation of type I fusarium head blight resistance of wheat using non-deoxynivalenol-producing fungi

A series of experiments was conducted to determine whether type I resistance (resistance to initial infection) to fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat could be assessed using fungal species/isolates that do not produce deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin critical to the spread of Fusarium graminearum in the wheat spike. It was shown that, while the non-toxin-producing species Microdochium nivale and M. majus could infect following spray inoculation of wheat spikes, they were unable to spread within the spike following point inoculation. However, although these species might reveal type I resistance, they are not highly pathogenic towards wheat. A nivalenol (NIV)-producing isolate of F. graminearum caused high levels of disease following spray inoculation, but spread only very slowly within the spike and rarely induced bleaching above the point of inoculation. It is proposed that spray inoculation with an appropriate, aggressive, non-DON-producing FHB pathogen may be used to characterize type I resistance to complement point inoculation with a DON-producing isolate to assess type II resistance (resistance to spread within the spike).     

金鱼草切花新品种‘星悦’

‘星悦’是由母本‘将军黄色’和父本‘将军粉色’杂交培育而成的标准型切花金鱼草新品种。株高105 ~ 120 cm,总状花序,橙粉色,花序长25.80 ~ 28.83 cm,小花数36.60 ~ 42.22朵。初花期4月初,盛花期4月中旬,田间生育期110 ~ 120 d,瓶插期15 ~ 20 d,抗寒性、抗旱性较好,病虫害较少。适宜在江苏的中部和南部地区冬季设施栽培。     

金鱼草染色体数目及核型分析

金鱼草为1,2年生草本花卉，目前还未见到关于金鱼草染色体核型分析的报道。试验用低温处理法对金鱼草染色体数目及核型进行研究，试验结果表明，金鱼草体细胞染色体数目为2n=16，染色体基数为8，核型公式为k（2n）=2x=16=12m＋2sm＋2st，核型分类属于2B型。为传统的植物形态描述分类提供了细胞学依据。     

温室盆栽金鱼草生长发育的光温热效应模型

为优化温室盆栽金鱼草光温调控精度,以‘红姬’品种为研究对象,通过不同定植期和密度试验,以辐热积（Product of thermal effectiveness and PAR,TEP）为尺度,建立了温室盆栽金鱼草生长发育的模型,并用独立试验数据检验了模型预测精度。结果表明,模型对萌芽期、展叶期、花蕾期和采收期的时间预测符合度较高,模拟值与实测值基于1：1直线间的决定系数R²为 0.95,回归估计标准误差RMSE分别为 1.3、1.7、2.3和1.8 d,预测精度明显高于以有效积温为尺度的发育模型（RMSE分别为 2.6、2.5、3.9和3.2 d）。模型对株高、茎粗、叶片数、花苞数和干物质量的模拟值与实测值的决定系数R²分别为 0.94、0.92、0.96、0.97和0.91,RMSE分别为6.9 cm、0.4 cm、5.8、2.2和1.27 g·株^-1。该研究建立的模型能够较准确地预测温室盆栽金鱼草各生育期出现时间、植株形态和干物质生产的动态。建立的模型参数少且易获取,且预测精度较高,可为温室金鱼草生产中种植期、种植密度及环境的优化调控提供理论依据和决策支持。