Can trail spatial attributes predict trail use level in urban forest park? An examination integrating GPS data and space syntax theory

Understanding users’ spatial distribution in forest park is crucial for providing visitors with quality recreation experiences and for park planning and management. Utilizing users’ spatial distribution data, this study aims at investigating associations between trail use level and trail spatial attributes, through examining two large urban forest parks (Gongqing forest park and Paotaiwan forest park) in Shanghai, China. Users’ spatial distribution was measured utilizing GPS trackers with the interval of 10 seconds. This study conceptualizes trail spatial attributes as trail metric attributes and trail configurational attributes. Trail metric attributes include trail mean distance to gates, length, width and level of enclosure, which are calculated based on park map and on-site observation. We computed trail configurational attributes utilizing space syntax theory, which comprise measures of global integration, control, and connectivity. Trail connection with features/facilities, visual connection with water and shading are included as covariate variables. In total, we obtained 134 valid samples in Gongqing forest park and 210 valid samples in Paotaiwan forest park for analysis. Multivariate regression analyses indicate that when involving covariate variables, consistently in both parks, a greater trail usage is significantly related to trail shorter mean distance to park gate, trail width wider than 3 meters, higher global integration and higher control values. Collectively, these four trail spatial attributes explained 31.7 % (p < 0.001) and 27.3 % (p < 0.001) of the variances in trail use level in Gongqing forest park and Paotaiwan forest park. These findings provide direct implications to park designers and managers for providing visitors with different desirable social conditions, and ultimately improve users’ experiences and satisfactions.     

Intellectual Property: Information Ownership in the Electronic Age: The Government Perspective: Government's Role in Striking a Balance in the Public Interest

ABSTRACT

An overview of the National Agricultural Library's eleven specialized information centers is presented that includes information on electronic access to their databases, publications, and information.     

对液压传动车辆油液的正确选择及使用

对液压油的分类及物理、化学性能及污染物类型做了简单介绍,主要对液压油的正确选择和使用提出了要求。     

对朗乡林业局野生经济植物的调查

分析论述了朗乡林区野生经济植物的种类、蕴藏数量以及开发保护利用意见。     

青岛崂山樱属植物的分布种类及资源利用研究

樱属在植物分类学上属蔷薇科梅亚科，本属有120种以上，分布于北温带，我国约有48种以上。山东省分布10种(含2变种，3变型)，其中崂山分布有9种(含2变种，3变型)，几乎涵盖了山东省所有樱属植物种类。该文详细介绍了青岛崂山樱属植物的分布种类，并对其观赏特性及园林用途进行了阐述。     

宁夏规模养殖场（园区）兽药使用管理现状调研及规范化管理探讨

为了有的放矢地推进兽药使用管理和确保兽用使用安全,对宁夏省规模养殖场（园区）兽药使用管理的技术力量、兽药贮存条件、兽药来源及贮存方式、兽药使用及休药期执行情况等进行了调查分析,表明规范兽药使用管理已具备有利条件,同时探讨了规范兽药使用管理的主要内容和重点措施。     

辽宁省百合属植物资源分布及用途

介绍辽宁省百合属植物的概况,总结辽宁实地调查发现的垂花百合、大花卷丹、卷丹、轮叶百合、毛百合、山丹、渥丹等7种百合的用途、分布、主要伴生植物及群落特点,为百合的应用提供借鉴。     

反式脂肪的养生危害探讨

在广泛文献检索的基础上,对反式脂肪的成分、产生途径、危害、使用现状和使用注意事项等进行了综述,为全民养生保健提供参考资料。     

浅论科技档案的管理与利用

科技档案在事业科研单位中作用日益突出。文章从搞好科技档案建设 ,加大投入、发挥科技档案作用以及充分利用档案成果三个方面阐述了对档案管理与利用的关系。     

阿拉善左旗土地合理利用的途径

本文分析了阿拉善左旗资源与环境,论述了土地利用现状及存在的问题,并提出在荒漠区如何合理经营畜牧业,防止草场退化,建立饲草料基地及扩大林地面积等措施。