《机械制图》融合式教学模式在疫情下的实践1

面对突如其来的疫情，教师们主动担当、积极作为，“停课不停学”。应对疫情，学生学习环境复杂，必须认真思考，对课程进行教学改革势在必行。机械制图课程组研究分析了目前教学实情，在教学模式、教学方法和课程组织等进行一系列改革实践，将融合式教学模式应用于《机械制图》教学与助学，结合课程特点，应用网络线上教学模式，开展居家学习，实现课堂内外的融合，网络线上线下教学的融合。提高了学生自主学习，激发了学生积极思维和参与教学活动，教学效率和教学质量都取得了较好的效果。     

重油催化再生器典型缺陷安全评定

应用断裂力学理论和实验技术,测定了重油催化再生器材料及焊缝的力学性能和断裂韧度值,按照《压力容器缺陷评定规范》(CVDA-84)对再生器下部筒体典型缺陷进行了评定。经分析计算获得了重油催化再生器下部筒体各部位各种裂纹类型缺陷的允许尺寸,可将其作为重油催化再生器无损检测时的缺陷评定指标。     

Peaks of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in dogs

The effects of electrode configuration and click polarity on brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) in dogs were investigated to clarify the inconsistent nomenclature for each peak. Four positive peaks (waves 1, 2, 3 and 4) before a deep negative trough and a fifth positive peak (wave 5) following the trough were the basic components of BAEP in dogs, which were easily identified regardless of recording conditions such as electrode configuration and click polarity. Additional peaks tended to be present when a noncephalic reference electrode and/or single-polarity (rarefaction or condensation) click stimuli were used. The Roman nomenclature for the individual positive peaks of BAEP in dogs is confused owing to variations in the observed waveforms among researchers, but click polarity and/or reference electrode position can explain all the previously reported variations in BAEP waveforms in dogs. When the criteria concerning wave V in the guidelines of BAEP in human beings are applied to avoid further confusion of Roman nomenclature in dogs, it is recommended that the basic five positive peaks (waves 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 as identified easily with Ai-Vertex configuration and alternating clicks) are designated as waves I, II, III, V and VI, respectively. Wave IV (wave 3b) occurs occasionally before wave V in dogs.Abbreviations BAEP brainstem auditory evoked potentials - dBHL dB hearing level - IPL interpeak latency - Ai the caudodorsal end of the zygomatic arch ipsilateral to the stimulated ear - Nape the neck over the spinous process of the fourth cervical vertebra     

植物源农用杀菌剂银泰对作物刺激生长作用

本文通过应用植物源农用杀菌剂银泰的不同浓度处理草莓和菠菜，测定绿色面积指数、叶面积指数、根冠比、叶绿素含量、硝酸还原本科活性、生物产量、经济产量。结果表明，银泰对草莓和菠菜均具有明显的刺激生长作用。     

Effects of non-excitatory electric stimulation on cardiac function in normal and infarcted heart rabbits and it's regional effect on myocardium

AIM: To investigate the influences of electric stimulation applied during the absolute refractory period (ARP) on the cardiac function of normal rabbits and rabbits after myocardial infarction (MI) and to observe the regional effects of this electric stimulation. METHODS: 64 rabbits were randomly assigned to normal and MI groups and each group was then divided into the anterior and posterior groups. A thoracotomy was performed 4 weeks after MI in rabbits. One set of electrodes was inserted into the anterior and posterior wall of left ventricle of the anterior and posterior groups, respectively. Current pulses were delivered during the ARP (called CCM) during sinus rhythm in rabbits. The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP) as well as maximum positive and negative left ventricular pressure change (±dp/dt_max) were observed. RESULTS: In the normal and MI groups, LVSP, +dp/dt_max significantly increased, and LVEDP, -dp/dt_max were reduced during CCM stimulation compared with the baseline (P<0.05). In the normal rabbits, electric stimulation in the anterior group improved the cardiac function more significantly than that in the posterior group (P<0.05). In the MI rabbits, there was no difference between the anterior and the posterior groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Electric stimulation delivered during the ARP significantly enhances the contractility and the relaxation of myocardium in normal rabbits and rabbits after MI, and the effects of CCM stimulation on heart are regional.     

氮肥运筹对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响

以江苏优质食味水稻代表性品种南粳9108和南粳5055为材料,采用新型栽培技术钵苗机插移栽,在大田常用量总施氮270 kg hm~(–2)条件下,设置10∶0、9∶1、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5、4∶6七种基蘖肥与穗肥比例的处理。比较研究不同处理对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及稻米品质的影响,以期为氮肥的合理施用提供理论依据和技术指导。结果表明,当基蘖肥与穗肥比例为6∶4时,产量最高,与其他处理差异显著。稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精米率均随着基蘖肥比例的降低而逐渐增加;直链淀粉和胶稠度含量随着基蘖肥比例的降低而逐渐减小,但蛋白质的含量变化趋势相反,后期施氮量大时蛋白质含量增大。两品种的垩白率和垩白度均随着基蘖肥比例的降低呈先增加后减小的趋势,以6∶4处理显著大于其他处理,而垩白大小逐渐增加。食味品质中除了完整性随着基蘖肥所占比例的降低而增加外,香气、光泽、味道、口感以及食味值均呈现递减趋势。各处理的稻米峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值和最终黏度,除对照不施氮肥处理最大外,均随基蘖肥比例的降低而逐渐减小,而消减值的变化呈现相反的趋势。基蘖肥与穗肥比例为6∶4的氮肥运筹方式能显著提高钵苗机插优质食味水稻的产量;适当增加穗肥比例能有效改善稻米的加工品质和营养品质,增大稻米粒长和粒宽,但降低了稻米的外观品质和食味品质。     

机械化直播油菜的优点及高产栽培技术

针对近年来油菜生产机械化程度低、用工多、成本高、效益低、面积逐年萎缩的情况,通过多年试验与总结,探索与完善了机械化直播油菜的高产栽培技术,实现了省工节本、提高机械化水平的目的,也为大面积油菜生产提供技术参考。     

Feed preference and growth response of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei to supplementation of marine chemoattractants in a fishmeal‐challenged diet

This study compared the feed preference and growth response of Litopenaeus vannamei to chemoattractants. A diet with 3% fishmeal was supplemented with either 3% salmon meal (POS), 3% soy protein concentrate (NEG), 3% krill meal (KRM), 3% squid meal (SQM), 3% shrimp head meal (SHM), 3% shrimp meal (SM), 3% squid liver meal (SLM), or 5% liquid sardine hydrolysate (SAH). Shrimp with a body weight (BW) of 0.99 ± 0.08 g were stocked at 100 animals/m² in 56 tanks of 1 m³ and fed 10 times daily for 74 days. Feed preference was evaluated by feeding shrimp of 10.87 ± 1.82 g in excess twice a day for 10 days in two separate feeding trays allocated in 50 tanks of 0.5 m³. Survival reached 93.3 ± 5.80% and was unaffected by supplementation. Final BW was the highest for shrimp fed the KRM‐supplemented diet (11.97 ± 0.93 g), followed by POS (11.11 ± 0.77 g) and SQM (11.01 ± 1.17 g). Diets SHM, SM, SLM, and NEG showed a lower shrimp BW than POS, but were not statistically different among them. Shrimp fed the SAH diet achieved the lowest BW (10.06 ± 1.02 g). The highest gained yield was obtained with diets KRM and POS. No statistical difference was observed in shrimp yield among other diets. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was achieved with shrimp fed KRM (1.31 ± 0.05) when compared to diets SHM (1.47 ± 0.05), SAH (1.47 ± 0.07), and SLM (1.45 ± 0.17). Two‐by‐two comparisons indicated that shrimp preferred SHM and KRM, except when these were compared to SQM and SLM. No difference in feed preference was found between diets with SQM and SLM. SAH was the least preferred raw material in all comparisons. Results indicated that KRM acts as a powerful feeding effector and growth enhancer in fishmeal‐challenged diets for whiteleg shrimp. A dietary supplementation with 3% KRM is more effective than the same dose of any other chemoattractant evaluated.     

基于扩散理论的华北春玉米生理成熟后籽粒脱水过程分析

玉米机收籽粒可以显著提高玉米的生产效率,是玉米生产的发展方向。生理成熟后的籽粒含水率是决定机收质量的关键,受品种、密度和气候等多种因素影响。准确估算生理成熟后玉米籽粒含水率,进而分析其主要影响因素,最终确定玉米收获时间和筛选适宜机收的品种,对玉米主产区华北的春玉米籽粒机收发展具有重要意义。因此,于2017年和2018年在河北省泊头、南大港、玉田和山西榆次进行了两年田间春玉米试验,每年设置7个共性品种,每个品种3个密度,对生理成熟后籽粒含水率、品种性状、气象和管理要素进行了监测,并利用基于扩散理论考虑空气温湿度的脱水模型对籽粒含水率进行了模拟,进而计算脱水曲线下的面积(AUDDC),用以筛选脱水优异的玉米品种。结果表明,基于扩散理论的籽粒脱水模型对玉米生理成熟后籽粒含水率的模拟效果较好;年份、地点和品种对生理成熟时籽粒含水率(M_0)和水分扩散速率(k)具有显著影响,密度对脱水参数影响不显著。逐步线性回归分析得到灌浆期参考作物蒸发蒸腾量(ET_0)、最高气温和灌水量对M_0具有显著的正效应,生理成熟后30 d内ET0和灌浆中后期降雨对k具有显著的正效应,全生育期降雨对k具有显著的负效应。品种性状中对M_0影响最大的为苞叶层数(正效应),对k影响最大的为叶片数(负效应)。通过模型计算得到,生理成熟后10d华北地区春玉米籽粒含水率可以下降到28%,籽粒含水率下降到25%的概率为50%。由模型计算得到各品种生理成熟后10 d内的AUDDC,与AUDDC平均值比较发现‘京农科728’‘张1453’‘华农887’‘广德5’和‘金科玉3306’为脱水表现优异的品种。