外源复合酶对移地保护圈养马来熊日粮营养消化率的影响

利用外源复合酶对移地保护圈养的 9只马来熊日粮营养物质及能量消化率进行了测定 ,经单因子方差分析结果表明 ,在圈养马来熊日粮中添加一定量的外源复合酶 ,能提高马来熊对日粮营养物质的消化率 ,其中 ,添加 0 3%饲料量的酶能显著提高日粮粗蛋白的消化率(P <0 0 5) ;添加 0 5%的酶 ,能显著提高日粮粗纤维、粗蛋白质消化率 (P <0 0 5)。此研究结果可应用于马来熊的饲养中 ,提高其饲料报酬     

基于多阶段预报分布的贝叶斯多变量均值向量监控模型

考虑了一类具有多个时间点重置执行价格的欧式熊市（或牛市）重置权证定价.应用鞅定价方法和多维正态分布函数，得到了该类权证价格的显示解和Δ对冲策略，推广了Gray和Whaley的单时点重置权证定价模型.     

Some Agronomic Strategies for Organic Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Quinoa is a potential new seed crop for protein feed and human consumption in Europe, with tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses. For this purpose the study was planned to analyse the effect of important agronomic strategies like nitrogen level, N application strategy, row spacing and harvest time on yield and quality of quinoa. The experiments took place in the field of the experimental station of the Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen. Three levels of organic nitrogen from slurry was used (60, 120 and 180 kg N ha^?1), supplied either all at once at sowing, or split between sowing and beginning of the reproductive phase. The effect of row spacing and harvest time was studied by harvesting seeds at seed maturity, which occurred 2–3 weeks prior to the mechanical harvest by threshing, and a couple of months after. Yield increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with an application up to 180 kg N ha^?1, reaching 2200 kg ha^?1. Increasing N also caused a significantly increased seed weight (up to 3.3 mg) and protein content (up to 17 %). N level did not affect number and amount of weeds. Split application with part of the N applied at bud formation did not have a significant effect on yield. Delayed harvest had a negative influence on seed weight, whereas protein content was stable after harvesting even a month after seed maturity. A late harvest significantly reduced seed germination, being reduced by 50 % after a 2‐month delay. A conclusion from this study is that both yield and protein content of seed can be manipulated by N level and application strategy. Harvest time is important for securing a high seed quality measured as seed germination, seed weight and protein content. A fast germination of quinoa is an important characteristic demonstrating that the crop has good possibilities for being well‐established in the field when free from weeds at the time of sowing. The choice of row spacing is important and depends on weed control method. Weed control strategy should be developed based on modern precision tools.     

Seed Shattering of Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)

Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) is a semi‐domesticated relative of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) with high nutritious quality. It is tolerant to frost, drought, saline soils and pests. One seed yield limitation is seed loss during the maturity stages. Two greenhouse experiments in Denmark and field experiments in Bolivia were carried out to determine seed shattering in landraces and cultivars with different growth habits. 15–21 % of the seed shattering in the fields took place whilst the plants still were flowering and 25–35 % during physiological maturity. Seed shattering varied between locations on the Bolivian Altiplano. Cañahua types with the semi‐prostrate growth (‘lasta’) had the highest seed shattering rate in the greenhouse experiments. The Umacutama landrace had lower seed shattering (1 %) than the cultivar Kullaca (7.2 %) both of the ‘lasta’ type. Under field conditions, the cultivar Illimani with the erect growth (‘saihua’) had the highest seed shattering rate (6.4–33.7 %) at both locations and at four different sowing dates. The Umacutama had the lowest rate (0.5–1.5 %). There were no significant differences between plants of the ‘lasta’ and the ‘saihua’ types. The landrace had significantly less seed loss than the cultivars. However, in the greenhouse, the landrace yield was approximately 25 % lower than the yields of the cultivars. In general, cañahua cultivars had higher yield compared to landraces, but also a higher seed shattering rate. Landraces may be used in breeding programmes to develop high‐yielding cultivars with reduced seed shattering.     

Blood Typing of Asiatic Black Bear (Ursusthibetanus)

In this study,we aimed to determine whether bear had different blood group systems.Whole blood samples were collected from 40 Asiatic Black bears in Fujian province,China.Tube method was used to detect antibodies in plasma,and antibody isotype was determined with 2-mercaptoethanol.Plasma was further analyzed by mass spectrometry.The plasma from four bears had antibodies,possibly IgM isoform,which could agglutinate RBCs from 30 bears.Blood samples from 10 bears were tested by human blood typing reagents.The results showed that 4 bears had blood type like human type O,while 6 bears had like human type B.Plasma protein had extensive homology to serum albumin-like isoform 1 found in giant panda (Ailuropodamelanoleuca).We suggested that Asiatic Black bear might have at least one blood group system with two blood types.If the sick bear needs blood transfusion,a cross-matching test was necessary.Moreover,giant panda might receive blood from Asiatic Black bear in case of emergency.     

黑龙江龙口自然保护区黑熊春季生境选择

分别于2008年4～5月和2009年4～5月,在龙口自然保护区对黑熊春季生境选择进行了研究,野外工作共设置87个10 m×10 m样方,并调查12个生态因子,其中利用样方41个,对照样方46个。通过Vanderploeg ＆Scavia选择指数得到,黑熊喜爱选择处于高海拔（〉450 m）、上坡位有石砬子且草本盖度适中（10%～40%）的生境,倾向选择乔木密度高（〉10株/100 m2）、郁闭度大（〉40%）、灌木密度较低（〈10%）、隐蔽级低（〈30%）、倒木密度大（〉1根/100 m2）、陡坡（〉30°）且向阳的针阔混交林。主成分分析与资源选择函数分析共同得到海拔、坡度、坡位、植被类型对黑熊生境选择影响较大,坡向和倒木密度影响较小的结果。综合分析,将Vanderploeg ＆ Scavia选择指数、主成分分析与资源选择函数相结合可以更好地反映黑熊生境选择情况。     

胆汁引流对黑熊健康状况影响的研究

通过三个实验来研究取胆汁对熊的健康状况的影响。首先,比较了取胆汁熊和没有取胆汁熊的健康状态;其次,比较了引流3年以上的熊和没有进行引流熊的健康状况;最后,比较了不同取胆汁方式熊的健康状况。实验证明,引流取胆汁影响了熊的身体健康,其中,引流取胆汁对熊的危害明显,穿刺取胆汁对熊的危害较小。引流取胆汁对熊的健康影响主要体现在易患胆囊炎症、胆结石,还容易发生脂溶性维生素缺乏症状。     

广东省黑熊资源及保护对策

广东省的黑熊资源在历史上曾经广泛分布于全省各地,但在1999～2001年的调查显示广东省的黑熊资源仅分布在粤北的部分山地林区,而且数量在50～100只左右。栖息地的减少和大量的捕杀都对黑熊资源产生威胁。因此我们建议对全省的黑熊资源进行调查及监测,加强野生黑熊资源保护及规范黑熊饲养场的管理等。     

Cloning,Expression and Bioinformatics Analysis of Enterococcus faecalis from Northeast Black Bear

In order to detect Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis antigen (EfaA) of bear that was used to disclose the infected Northeast Black bear immediately, a pair of PCR primers was synthesized by EfaA gene of Enterococcus faecalis that was recorded in GenBank (accession number:U03756.1) and the target fragment was 689 bp. The PCR product was cloned by pMD19-T vector, then was transferred to Escherichia coli DH5α competent cells and the positive clones were filtered. Recombinant plasmid (pMD19-T-EfaA) was extracted. Identification of PCR and digestion, sequencing, the structure prediction of proteins were operated. The results showed that EfaA gene was cloned successfully, and the gene homology with ATCC 29212 was 100.0%. pMD19-T-EfaA was constructed successfully, structure of proteins was predicted. This study provided theoretical basis for diagnostic methods of Enterococcus faecalis and laid basis for prevention and control of Northeast Black bear disease.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定熊胆粉中9种苯二氮䓬类药物残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定中药材熊胆粉中9种苯二氮?类药物残留的方法。样品以乙腈为提取溶剂,经萃取盐包除杂提取,采用分散式固相萃取管 (EMR-Lipid dSPE) 净化,ACQUITY BEH C18色谱柱(1.7 μm,2.1×100 mm)分离,多反应监测模式(MRM)采集数据,外标法定量。在优化的条件下,虽9种药物存在不同程度的基质效应,但不影响检测结果的准确性。方法学考察结果显示,9种苯二氮?类药物在对应的浓度范围内线性关系良好,决定系数(R²)≥0.9961,方法检出限(LOD,S/N =3)在0.06～0.71 μg/kg范围内,定量限(LOQ,S/N =10)在0.20～2.60 μg/kg范围内,3个加标水平的平均回收率在69.1%～108.0%范围内,日内RSD为1.8%～9.0%,日间RSD为2.6%～9.3%。该方法前处理操作简便、重现性好,准确度高,为熊胆粉中苯二氮?类药物残留的风险监控提供了一种有效的检测技术。