Trends in NE Atlantic landings (southern Portugal): identifying the relative importance of fisheries and environmental variables

Time series of commercial landings from the Algarve (southern Portugal) from 1982 to 1999 were analyzed using min/max autocorrelation factor analysis (MAFA) and dynamic factor analysis (DFA). These techniques were used to identify trends and explore the relationships between the response variables (annual landings of 12 species) and explanatory variables [sea surface temperature, rainfall, an upwelling index, Guadiana river (south‐east Portugal) flow, the North Atlantic oscillation, the number of licensed fishing vessels and the number of commercial fishermen]. Landings were more highly correlated with non‐lagged environmental variables and in particular with Guadiana river flow. Both techniques gave coherent results, with the most important trend being a steady decline over time. A DFA model with two explanatory variables (Guadiana river flow and number of fishermen) and three common trends (smoothing functions over time) gave good fits to 10 of the 12 species. Results of other models indicated that river flow is the more important explanatory variable in this model. Changes in the mean flow and discharge regime of the Guadiana river resulting from the construction of the Alqueva dam, completed in 2002, are therefore likely to have a significant and deleterious impact on Algarve fisheries landings.     

江泽民法治思想初探

江泽民从建设社会主义市场经济和民主政治,维护国家长治久安的客观需要出发,继承与发展邓小平法治思想,提出了"依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家"的治国方略;江泽民法治思想的核心和最高成就是依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家;其法治思想的具体内容包括加强立法、依法行政、司法改革、普法教育、发展法律服务业.     

采食水平对东北民猪代谢热量的影响

以哈白猪为对照，研究２０℃条件下，低（Ｌ，７５０ｇ／ｄ），中（Ｍ１０５０ｇ／ｄ）高（Ｈ，１３００ｇ／ｄ）三种采食水平（饲料ＭＥ含量为１２．３７ＫＪ／ｋｇＣＰ：１６％）对体重２０～２５ｋｇ的民猪产热量的影响，研究结果表明，随采食水平提高，产热量有逐渐增加的趋势，但产不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５），三种采食水平下，民猪和哈白猪的产热量分别为３３．５，３４．５，３５．９和３１．９，３３．８，３４．９ＫＪ／ｋｇ＾     

Synthetic tetramer of a Phytophthora sojae-inducible fragment from soybean GmaSKTI36 promoter improves its pathogen induction activities

Using pathogen-induced promoters to control expression of the functional genes in transgenic plants may greatly increase the chances of boosting disease resistance. However, the number of the inducible promoters is limited. Here, we found that soybean GmaSKTI36 gene is strongly induced upon Phytophthora sojae infection. Functional analysis showed that its promoter could mediate rapid and strong induction of GUS expression upon pathogen infection in both Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and soybean hairy roots. Then, a 122 bp fragment that was critical to the activity was successfully identified by a progressive 5′ deletion analysis. Importantly, we found that a synthetic promoter by tetramerizing this fragment could confer strong P. sojae induction activities. Overall, the results suggested that the GmaSKTI36 promoter, the 122 bp fragment, and the synthetic promoter are potentially useful pathogen-inducible promoters.     

Suitability of tef varieties in mixed wheat flour bread matrices: A physico-chemical and nutritional approach

Wheat flour replacement from 0 to 40% by single tef flours from three Ethiopian varieties DZ-01-99 (brown grain tef), DZ-Cr-37 (white grain tef) and DZ-Cr-387 (Quncho, white grain tef) yielded a technologically viable ciabatta type composite bread with acceptable sensory properties and enhanced nutritional value, as compared to 100% refined wheat flour. Incorporation of tef flour from 30% to 40% imparted discreet negative effects in terms of decreased loaf volume and crumb resilience, and increase of crumb hardness in brown tef blended breads. Increment of crumb hardness on aging was in general much lower in tef blended breads compared to wheat bread counterparts, revealing slower firming kinetics, especially for brown tef blended breads. Blended breads with 40% white tef exhibited similar extent and variable rate of retrogradation kinetics along storage, while brown tef-blended breads retrograded slower but in higher extent than control wheat flour breads. Breads that contains 40% tef grain flour were found to contain five folds (DZ-01-99, DZ-Cr-387) to 10 folds (DZ-Cr-37) Fe, three folds Mn, twice Cu, Zn and Mg, and 1.5 times Ca, K, and P contents as compared to the contents found in 100% refined wheat grain flour breads. In addition, suitable dietary trends for lower rapidly digestible starch and starch digestion rate index were met from tef grain flour fortified breads.     

印楝素对min6细胞增殖及胰岛素分泌的影响

【目的】研究印楝素对min6细胞增殖、葡萄糖摄取及胰岛素分泌的影响,并探讨其作用机制。【方法】不同浓度印楝素处理min6细胞48 h,检测细胞增殖量。在5.5和25.0 mmol·L~(-1)葡萄糖条件下,检测印楝素处理细胞的葡萄糖摄取水平,胰岛素ELISA检测试剂盒检测细胞胰岛素的分泌。【结果】与对照组相比,在5.5和25.0mmol·L~(-1)葡萄糖条件下,印楝素均表现促进细胞增殖活性。印楝素处理下,与25.0 mmol·L~(-1)葡萄糖条件相比,5.5 mmol·L~(-1)葡萄糖表现出更显著地促进葡萄糖摄取和胰岛素分泌的作用。【结论】印楝素可能通过调控葡萄糖水平影响胰岛素的分泌。     

不同品种冬小麦土壤及植株测试氮肥推荐指标的研究

通过对北京地区冬小麦 6个高产品种 (京 4 11、94 2 8、农大 32 91、94冬 2 8、中麦 9号和京冬 8号 )的氮肥试验 ,研究了不同品种冬小麦推荐施肥指标的差异 ,确立了对应的氮肥推荐参数。 6个冬小麦品种中 ,农大32 91、中麦 9号和京冬 8号对氮肥反应较为敏感 ,其中农大 32 91和京冬 8号属于高效高响应品种 ,中麦 9号属低效高响应品种 ;而 94 2 8对氮肥反应较不敏感 ,属于低效低响应品种。这 6个品种达到最高产量的最佳氮素供应量 (播前土壤无机氮和肥料氮量 )分别为 183,181,132 ,132 ,15 2和 132 kg.hm-2 ,不需追肥的硝酸盐浓度临界值依次为 2 4 38,2 5 0 9,2 0 32 ,2 35 7,172 2和 15 5 7mg.kg-1。通过土壤无机氮确定推荐基肥量时 ,可以不考虑品种差异而采用统一指标 ;通过植株硝酸盐含量确定冬小麦氮肥追肥推荐时 ,在基肥用量比较高或高肥力的土壤上 ,可以不考虑品种的影响 ;而在基肥用量很低或低肥力土壤上 ,追肥推荐指标品种差异相对较大 ,需要针对不同冬小麦品种确定相应的推荐追肥量     

Comparison of predictions of baking volume using large deformation rheological properties

Three large deformation rheological tests, the Kieffer dough extensibility system, the D/R dough inflation system and the 2 g mixograph test, were carried out on doughs made from a large number of winter wheat lines and cultivars grown in Poland. These lines and cultivars represented a broad spread in baking performance in order to assess their suitability as predictors of baking volume. The parameters most closely associated with baking volume were strain hardening index, bubble failure strain, and mixograph bandwidth at 10 min. Simple correlations with baking volume indicate that bubble failure strain and strain hardening index give the highest correlations, whilst the use of best subsets regression, which selects the best combination of parameters, gave increased correlations with R²=0.865 for dough inflation parameters, R²=0.842 for Kieffer parameters and R²=0.760 for mixograph parameters.     

民猪细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅰ基因的克隆、多态性检测及冷诱导研究

采用克隆测序和PCR- SSCP方法对民猪COX Ⅰ基因序列及多态性进行了检测与分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR法对同一饲养水平下经冷诱导处理的民猪和长白猪肌肉、肝脏组织中COX Ⅰ基因的表达变化进行分析.结果表明:民猪的COX Ⅰ基因序列与其他猪种相比,存在18个核苷酸突变,导致5个氨基酸发生变化;C260T、G275A和C1253T位点民猪以B等位基因占优势,大白猪、长白猪、北京黑猪、野猪则是A等位基因占优势;冷诱导后低温组民猪COX Ⅰ基因的表达量与常温组民猪和低温组长白猪相比,均显著下降(P＜0.05).据此推测冷诱导可导致COX Ⅰ基因表达量降低从而产生更多的ATP为机体提供能量抵御寒冷,COX Ⅰ基因可能是一个与猪的抗寒性显著相关的候选基因.