Engineered-airlift pumps for aquaculture applications using multiphase flow analysis

Currently, very few aquaculture operations are employing airlift pump technology for water recirculation, aeration, and waste removal. This is likely due to the poor design and lower efficiency of traditional airlift design, the limited amount of research effort that has been invested in improving performance capabilities of air lift pumps and the general lack of awareness of the industry about the inherent advantages of airlift systems. A new efficient airlift pump is hydrodynamically designed by incorporating the Volume of Fluid (VOF) multi-phase model along with the K-ε turbulence model utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools. The pump is designed to offer a substantial reduction in total energy usage as well as an improved quality of the culture products in order to make it attractive to aquaculture industry. In this study, both numerical and experimental investigations were carried out for airlift systems operating under two different submergence ratios of 50% and 90% in a lab setting using 2.54 cm diameter pumps. Also, the performance of a large-scale pumps of 10.16 cm diameters were also tested in an aquaculture raceway to determine its effect on the operation. The numerical results were found to be in agreement with the experiments within ±20% which is considered very reasonable for multiphase flow analysis. The present study was found to present a great tool for modelling the airlift pump performance, and potentially proposing new designs.     

Performance evaluation of venturi aeration system

The venturi aeration is an effective practice to increase the dissolved oxygen accessibility in the water bodies. This study aims to optimize the various geometrical parameters of the venturi aeration system. A non-dimensional technique was applied to find the optimum performance of various geometric parameters i.e. throat lengths (t_l), number of air holes (N), and converging and diverging angles (α and β). These experiments have been carried out using 1124 L capacity of tank having dimensions of 105 cm long, 105 cm wide and 102 cm deep. The experiments were conducted at a constant flow velocity of water (1.096 m/s) with varying throat length (t_l = 20–100 mm keeping 20 mm as interval between two consecutive length), number of air holes (N = 1–17 at an equal hole to hole distance of 5 mm between them), and converging and diverging angles (α and β = 10°, 15°, 20° and 25°). Multiple non-linear regression equations were also developed from the linear relation with the dependent variable (Non-dimensional form of standard aeration efficiency, NDSAE) and independent variables (t_l and N). With the geometrically optimized venturi aerator the optimum performance was found for t_l =100 mm, N = 17, and α and β = 15°. The maximum value of standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) obtained was 0.0216 kgO₂/h and 0.611 kgO₂/kWh respectively. From the non-dimensional study, it was found that the NDSAE is the function Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr). The simulation equations were developed on the basis of Re and Fr for NDSAE, and subjected to 7.378 × 10⁻⁶ < Re < 3.689 × 10^-5 and 0.163 < Fr < 0.817, respectively.     

新型柴油机喷油规律测试系统的设计

基于柴油机喷油器,设计了一种柴油机喷油规律测试系统.对喷油器进行改装设计,用以容纳、计量柴油机在喷油过程中喷出的油量,用位移传感器测量喷出油量的容积变化,通过数据处理得到喷油规律;设计了卸压装置,以防止测量系统因油压过高而受损.实验结果表明,该测试系统可以快捷地测量柴油机的喷油规律.     

电控喷油器流量特性试验台的设计与试验

论述了开发电控喷油器微机测试系统的意义;为检测电喷发动机喷油性能,介绍了所以8098为核心的喷油器流量试验台;阐述了喷油器流量试验台设计思想、硬件结构和软件设计方法.以高阻型喷油器为例,在整个流量范围内对其进行测试,并对测试数据加以分析总结,得出了该喷油器流量特性的一些重要参数.目前,电控喷油器微机测试系统已投入使用,取得了良好的实际效果.     

单缸柴油机双喷油器燃烧系统

对单缸柴油机双喷油器直喷燃烧系统进行了研究，分析了供油系统油管分叉夹角及截面收缩比、燃烧室油线布置及几何形状的优化原则。采用该燃烧系统，可增加燃油喷注在燃烧室内的自由贯穿长度，减少对进气涡流的依赖，促进混合气形成和燃烧；可降低气缸盖及活塞的热负荷；由于进、排气门中心线与气缸中心线处于同一平面，故气门流通面积大，可以改善进排气流动性能；可实现先缓后急的喷油规律。     

文丘利管在增压中冷柴油机EGR系统中的应用

针对增压中冷柴油机EGR系统,设计了3组不同的文丘利管,试验研究了不同文丘利管产生的效果及对增压中冷柴油机经济性能的影响。试验结果表明,文丘利管的进口截面、喉部截面以及出口截面之比不同,所产生的压降和扩压效果不同,而且对柴油机经济性能的影响也不同。同时还分析了试验过程中出现的激波现象和倒灌现象以及消除措施。     

电控发动机喷油驱动电路的波形分析及其在故障诊断中的应用

通过对喷油驱动电路的波形测试来介绍波形分析的一般方法，并通过故障诊断实例来反映波形分析法诊断汽车故障的优越性。     

外开式汽油喷油器喷雾特性研究

在定容弹内,采用纹影和激光Mie散射技术研究了外开式压电晶体汽油喷油器使用汽油、正丁醇和乙醇时的喷雾特性。结果表明,外开式喷油器喷油形成的空心圆锥状喷雾结构由线状油束组成。喷油背压对喷雾的宏观形态影响较大。随着喷油背压的升高,喷雾中油线间隙减小并最终消失,同时喷雾贯穿度与面积均大幅减小,但喷雾锥角基本不随背压、燃料种类和时间的变化而变化。此外,随着背压的升高,喷雾横向贯穿度的减小程度大于轴向贯穿度,但是横向贯穿度始终大于轴向贯穿度。粘度较大的乙醇和正丁醇的轴向贯穿度大于汽油。横向贯穿度与喷油产生的涡流有关。涡流尺度越大,则横向贯穿度也越大。     

电控共轨喷油器喷油特性的仿真研究

通过运用HYDSIM液力计算软件模拟电控共轨喷油器的喷射特性,探讨了电控共轨喷油器控制室的进油孔、出油孔和控制活塞直径的变化对喷油器喷嘴针阀升程及喷油规律的影响。分析结果表明,需要选择合适的共轨喷油器控制室进油孔、出油孔及控制活塞直径,以便使柴油机发挥更加良好的工作性能和排放性能。     

电控喷油器智能测试系统数据通讯技术研究

电控喷油器的性能是决定电控系统设计的重要因素,直接影响车用发动机燃油控制单元的精确性.对电控喷油器智能测试系统进行了开发研究.使用计算机的RS-232接口与单片机进行串行通讯.采用VB6.0对上位机进行编程控制,实现了上下位机之间的实时通讯.快捷地控制喷油器的运行,并能够实时地获取喷油器喷射量,实现电控喷油器的智能测试.