中国东北地区危害人参的金针虫种类研究

研究了东北地区危害人参的金针虫种类，发现有８属１７种影响人参的产量和质量，其中９种为我国新记载，并编制一检索表．     

筛胸梳爪叩甲的防治技术研究

筛胸梳爪叩甲是我国南方地区重要的笋期害虫.研究了林间挖笋除虫、黑光灯诱杀及药剂防治3种方法对筛胸梳爪叩甲的控制效果.结果表明:3种技术措施均能显著降低该虫的危害率和虫口密度,其中药剂防治效果最明显.3 a持续挖笋除虫的防治效果达(22.76±3.90)％;每年单盏黑光灯年平均诱捕量可达(1 143.8±318.7)头,连续6 a的灯光诱杀可将竹笋危害率由防治前的(56.05±2.83)％降至防治后的(39.21±2.83)％;连续施用5％辛硫磷+3％毒死蜱颗粒剂3 a年可将竹笋危害率由防治前的(69.62±5.36)％降至(21.17±7.65)％,防治效果达(70.11±10.99)％.     

Nitrogen Efficiency in Mixed Farming Systems

SUMMARY

The problem of nitrogen surpluses in Northwestern Europe is related in part to recent segregation of animal and crop production. A long-term solution can be found by re-integration of the main agricultural production components into mixed farming systems. In a new classification scheme of farming systems, high-input systems are placed in a sequence of modes in agriculture that each address sus-tainability problems in different ways. In this classification scheme, New-Conservation Agriculture (NCA) is considered to be a new mode of farming that aims to replace losses from the system, whilst not overloading it through critical use of non-renewable resources. Mixed farming systems that integrate crops and livestock are a typical example of NCA. The advantageous environmental features of mixed farming systems are illustrated by the favorable nitrogen balance of two experimental prototypes (a conventional and an organic one) where arable, dairy and sheep farming are integrated to a high degree. However, particularly the plowing of grass/clover swards caused serious problems on both farms regarding seedling survival and product quality in sugarbeet, maize, onion, and potato crops. This was due to the occurrence of large pest populations of leatherjackets (Tipula paludosa) and wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae).     

筛胸梳爪叩甲监测技术及应用

正害虫预测预报是进行害虫风险评估及制定防治决策的基础,使用有效的监测技术能准确地预测林间害虫发生的时间、种群动态等重要参数,可为害虫防治指标的确定和综合防治措施的实施提供参考依据。当前,我国已有近百种重要害虫建立了系统的监测技术[1]。金针虫是鞘翅目(Coleoptera)叩甲科(Elateridae)昆虫幼虫的通称,广布于世界各地,是一种极为重要的地下害虫[2-3]。金针虫隐蔽性强,且能随环境变化改变活动及危害深度,其虫口密度