Effect of Salt Concentration and Extremely Halophilic Archaea on the Safety and Quality Characteristics of Traditional Salted Anchovies

Extremely halophilic archaea (EHA) might play an important role in salted fish production. So far, limited information has been available on the effect of EHA and salt concentration on the safety and quality characteristics of salted anchovies. Eight Halobacterium salinarum strains were isolated from different sea salt samples and subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The strains were then inoculated into fresh salt before addition to anchovies. A total of 18 experimental productions were performed. The inoculated trials showed the lowest counts of undesired microorganisms. In particular, salted anchovies produced with Hbt. salinarum H11 showed the lowest histamine concentration as well as the highest sensory scores. Differences in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were estimated among trials. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that experimental production performed with a reduced amount of salt (175 g of sea salt per kg of anchovies) did not affect the final quality of salted anchovies. The strain Hbt. salinarum H11 produced salted anchovies with well-appreciated organoleptic features. Thus, the addition of EHA and the use of a lower amount of sea salt might represent a valuable alternative to the traditional method for production of salted anchovies.     

Effects of acaricides on Oligonychus sp. and compatibility with predatory mites Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In Mexico, outbreaks of phytophagous papaya mites (Oligonychus sp.) can threaten papaya production by damaging young leaves, causing a reduction in plant...     

Leptospiral agglutinins among cattle in the Republic of Guyana

Summary Cattle sera collected in the Republic of Guyana during 1981 to 1982 were examined for serologic evidence of leptospirosis. Significant leptospiral agglutinins (1∶100 or higher) were disclosed in 49·1% of 2,935 apparently normal cattle from 734 farms in the three major cattle-raising regions of the country. Seroreactions principally involvedhardjo andwolffi of the Sejroe serogroup,icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, tarassovi, canicola andgrippotyphosa. A high proportion of reactions to one or more of different leptospiral serovars were observed in each of the three regions. These variations were attributed to differences in environmental conditions and farming practices. The findings provided evidence for the first time of the widespread occurrence of leptospirosis in cattle in Guyana caused by multiple leptospiral serovars.

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Resumen Se examinaron sueros bovinos colectados durante 1981 y 1982, con el propósito de detectar aglutininas de leptospirosis. Mediante los análisis, se evidenció la enfermedad (titulos 1∶100 o superiores) en el 49,1% de 2.935 bovinos aparentemente sanos, en las tres principales regiones ganaderas del país. Las seroreacciones involucraron principalmente a lahardjo ywolffi del serogrupo Sejroe, lo mismo que a laicterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, tarassovi, canicola ygrippotyphosa. Se observó una alta proporción de reacciones a una o más serovars en cada una de las tres regiones estudiadas; estas se atribuyeron a prácticas de manejo diferentes, asi como a condiciones ambientales. El estudio, se concluye, proporcionó evidencia de la amplia distribición de la leptospirosis en Guyana.

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Résumé On a recherché l'existence sérologique de la leptospirose dans des sérums de bovins de la République de Guyana récoltés en 1981 et 1982. Des agglutinines à un taux significatif (1∶100 et plus) ont été détectées chez 49,1% de 2935 animaux apparemment normaux répartis dans 734 fermes des trois grandes régions d'élevage du pays. Les réactions sérologiques touchent principalement les sérotypeshardio etwolfii du sérogroupe Sejroe,icterohaemorrhagiae pomona, tarassovi, canicola etgrippotyphosa. On note une importante proportion de réaction à un ou plusieurs des sérovars leptospiriens dans chacune des trois régions. Ces variations sont attribuées aux différences de conditions d'environnement et aux pratiques d'élevage. Pour la première fois, ces résultats apportent la preuve d'une répartition étendue de la leptospirose bovine en Guyana causée par plusieurs sérovars.