小麦苗期抗纹枯病鉴定方法的改良及抗病品种筛选

Wheat sharp eyespot, caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis and R. solani, is a soil-borne fungal disease, which poses a great threat to wheat yield. In order to increase the identification efficiency of wheat sharp eyespot resistance, an improved method of rapidly identifying wheat sharp eyespot resistance was established by inoculating wheat seedlings with diseased wheat grains in greenhouse. To verify its reliability, four standard materials and 96 wheat varieties from Huanghuai wheat region were used for resistance assessment to sharp eyespot. Meanwhile, the resistance to Rhizoctonia solani of aforementioned materials in the field was identified by traditional methods. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between the four repetitions of the improved method ranged from 0.735 to 0.825, and the correlation coefficient between the average number of repetitions and the traditional method was 0.630. The results of wheat sharp eyespot resistance identification in Huanghuai wheat area showed that 66 wheat varieties were susceptible, accounting for 68.8% of tested materials. This indicated that the resistance of wheat varieties in Huanghuai wheat area to sharp eyespot was poor on the whole and needed to be improved urgently. At the same time, eleven wheat varieties which showed resistance to sharp eyespot at seedling and adult stages were screened, which include Zhengzhou 8998, Beijing 841, Handan 94-5316, Jimai 32, Jinmai 50, Jinmai 54, Longmai 157, Lumai 23, Shanhe 6, Shi 02-1 and Xinmai 18. Therefore, this study provides a method for identification of wheat sharp eyespot resistance at seedling stage, by which the resistance of wheat varieties to sharp eyespot can be quickly and efficiently identified. Furthermore, selected resistant materials provide important material resources for wheat sharp eyespot resistance breeding in Huanghuai wheat region and even in China.     

小麦苗期抗纹枯病鉴定方法的改良及抗病品种筛选

<正>小麦纹枯病又称尖眼斑(点)病,是由禾谷丝核菌(Rhizoctonia cerealis)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起的一种以土壤传播为主的小麦真菌病害~([1])。引起小麦纹枯病的病原菌主要是禾谷丝核菌的第一菌丝融合群(CAG-1)~([2～4])。在自然条件下,病原菌首先侵染寄主植株基部叶鞘,随着     

小麦分蘖性状分子遗传研究进展

小麦分蘖性状是重要的株型性状,决定小麦的最终产量。对小麦分蘖性状进行遗传研究,挖掘调控小麦分蘖性状的重要基因并进行功能分析,有助于了解小麦分蘖性状的分子遗传机制及培育高产小麦新品种。本文针对目前小麦分蘖性状遗传研究所取得的进展进行总结,对已定位到的、参与调控小麦分蘖数目和分蘖角度的重要QTL位点进行分析,并对部分已经克隆的分蘖性状相关基因及其作用机理进行阐述,以期为小麦分蘖性状相关基因的克隆、分子机制解析和分子育种提供参考信息。