竹红菌甲素及其环糊精包合物稳定性与抑菌活性研究

为解决竹红菌甲素(HA)做为光活化农药易降解与难溶于水的瓶颈问题,本文通过振荡培养法制备竹红菌甲素羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物水溶液(HA-HP-β-CD),采用紫外分光光度法测定HA乙醇水溶液(HA-E-W)与HA-HP-β-CD中HA的稳定性;菌丝生长速率法测定两者抑菌率。结果表明,水、氧气和光照均能促进HA降解,环糊精包合能显著提高HA的抑菌率与光热稳定性。26℃、12000 Lx光照处理10 h,HA乙醇溶液(HA-E)、HA-E-W与HA-HP-β-CD中HA保留率分别为92.1%、39.0%与83.6%;HA-E-W去除氧气后HA保留率达99.6%。黑暗条件下26与50℃处理10 h后,HA-E-W中HA保留率分别为94.9%与57.1%,而50℃处理10 h后,HA-HP-β-CD中HA保留率可达95.3%。26℃、12000 Lx处理6 d,浓度10 mg/L的HA-HP-β-CD对苹果腐烂病菌和山核桃干腐病菌的抑菌率分别为93.1%和37.3%,均极显著高于HA-E-W对两种病原菌的抑菌率68.7%和25.4%。可见,环糊精包合是HA绿色农药制备的一种有效方式。     

竹红菌甲素对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制作用

为研究竹红菌甲素(HA)对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制作用,分别采用菌丝生长速率法、电导率法、紫外分光光度法和电镜观察法研究了HA对番茄灰霉病菌抑制率以及其对电导率、蛋白质和核酸相对泄漏度、菌丝形态与超微结构的影响。结果表明:在黑暗条件下,HA对番茄灰霉病菌无明显抑制作用;但在12 000 lx光照条件下,抑菌作用显著,EC50值为17.16 mg/L,且随着HA浓度上升,抑菌率呈极显著增加趋势,40 mg/L下抑菌率达73.9%;番茄灰霉病菌细胞相对电导率、蛋白质与核酸相对泄漏度随HA浓度上升而明显升高;电镜观察可见,经34.32 mg/L的HA处理后,大多数菌丝出现畸形、膨大或缢缩等现象,细胞器几乎全部消失,细胞内出现大面积空腔,细胞遭到严重破坏。研究结果可为HA开发成绿色高效生物农药提供理论依据。     

竹红菌甲素Triton X-100微乳剂的制备、光热稳定性及抑菌活性

为解决竹红菌甲素(hypocrellin A,HA)易溶于有机溶剂却极难溶于水的问题,采用物理包埋法,以Triton X-100为载体,制备了对水稀释后稳定性良好的500 mg/L的竹红菌甲素Triton X-100微乳剂,并 测定了其光热稳定性及对植物病原菌的抑制活性。结果表明:在0~54℃、照度低于3 600 lx时, 该微乳剂的光热稳定性良好;在照度为7 200 lx时,50 mg/L的HA-TX-100微乳剂对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、松针褐斑病菌Lecanosticta acicola、油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum和小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum的抑制率均超过50%,其中对油菜菌核病菌的抑制率最高,达77.60%;1 000 mg/L的HA-TX-100微乳剂对活体番茄接种番茄灰霉病菌的保护作用与治疗作用抑制率分别为72.05%和64.73%,均优于相同条件下市售50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂的作用。研究结果表明,竹红菌甲素具有开发为光活化农药的潜力。     

竹红菌甲素对18种植物病原菌的抑制作用

Inhibition of Hypocrellin A (HA) against 18 pathogenic fungi by mycelium growth rate in light and dark conditions was evaluated. The results showed that 50 mg·L^-1 HA exhibited antifungal activities against all of 18 pathogenic fungi under luminous intensity of 12 000 Lx. The inhibition rates of HA to Lecanosticta acicola, Fusarium graminearum, Valsa mali and Botryosphaeria dothidea were all higher than 90%. The EC₅₀ of HA to Botryosphaeria dothidea and Lecanosticta acicola was 0.60 mg·L^-1 and 0.77 mg·L^-1 respectively. However, HA showed weak and even no antifungal activity in dark condition. The study suggested that the potential of HA could be as a new kind of photoactivated biopesticide.