过量施用氯离子的扩散: I. 土壤湿度、容重及温度的影响

Diffusion coefficients of chlorde ions in four soils of different exture with varying effective moisture content and varying bulk density from 1.1 to 1.6 g cm^3 under three different temperatures were determined by the diffusion-cell method using ^36Cl-labelled CaCl2 solution.The result showed that activation energy decreased with water content,which indicated that the threshold fro diffusion was lower at a higher soil moisture rate .Therefor,the diffusion coefficient(D) of chloride ions in soil increased consistently with soil moisture,Although a near linear increase in the diffusion coefficient with increasing soil moisture or bulk density in all the soils was observed,the increase rate in different soils was not the same.The D value increased with teperature,and with temperature increased by 10℃ in the range from 5℃to 45℃ the D valve increased by 10%-30%,averaging about 20%.     

南宁市人心果梢部主要刺吸害虫的初步研究

广西南宁市郊区及人心果引种基地调查研究结果表明,南宁市人心果梢部刺吸害虫有同翅目、半翅目、缨翅目,共3目17 科29种,其中以同翅目为最多,有13科21种。主要的梢部刺吸害虫种类有褐软蜡蚧、红蜡蚧和垫囊绿绵蜡蚧。幼树比成年树被害严重。     

四川烟区烟叶化学成分与纬度相关性研究

本文采用偏最小二乘回归和灰色关联度分析方法,以克服烟叶化学成分指标间线性相关性的干扰,研究了四川烟区烟叶化学成分与纬度的关系,为四川烟叶种植适宜区的选择提供参考。结果表明:四川烟区的纬度跨度为N26°02′~N31°20′;四川烟区烟叶化学成分总体上表现为:总糖和还原糖偏高,淀粉含量略微偏高,氯含量偏低,烟碱、总氮和钾含量处于较适宜范围内,且烟碱、氯和淀粉的变异系数较大;烟叶化学成分与纬度的偏最小二乘回归分析模型如下:上部叶(纬度=28.762 0.146x1 0.214x2 0.005 23x3 0.172x4+0.316x5 0.232x6 0.046 4x7)、中部叶(纬度=28.762 0.117x1 0.088x2+0.009 9x3 0.127x4+0.288x5 0.328x6 0.041 3x7)、下部叶(纬度=28.762 0.026x1 0.123x2+0.25x3+0.010 3x4+0.271x5 0.237x6 0.136x7),其中x1~x7分别代表总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮、钾、氯和淀粉。烟叶化学成分与纬度的相关性强弱分析显示,同一部位间,烟叶中钾含量呈高度正相关,总糖、还原糖和氯含量与纬度呈高度负相关,即随着纬度的升高(从川南到川北),烟叶中钾含量呈增加趋势,而总糖、还原糖和氯含量呈现降低趋势;不同部位间,烟碱、总氮和淀粉与纬度的相关性强弱表现的不一致;化学成分各项指标与纬度的关联序为:还原糖>总糖>总氮>钾>淀粉>烟碱>氯。     

39个家蚕丝胶蛋白降解细菌分离株的聚类分析及降解活性测定

从制丝厂的废水池中分离获得39个可以降解家蚕丝胶蛋白的细菌分离株,采用考马斯亮蓝G-250法测定各菌株对丝胶蛋白的降解活性,降解率介于2.69%～28.86%之间,各菌株间的降解活性存在显著差异(P0.000 1),以X10菌株的降解活性最高。采用rep-PCR技术对39个细菌分离株进行聚类分析,在rep-PCR图谱的相异百分数为0.9的水平上被聚类为12个类群,39个分离株各自具有独特的带型,说明各细菌分离株的基因组之间存在显著异质性,表现出丰富的基因型多态性。分离这些丝胶蛋白降解细菌是为了进一步筛选后用于制丝厂的废水处理。     

30份引进大麦品种(系)苗期耐盐性综合分析

在不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,通过光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、叶绿素(Chl)、丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的测定,运用主成分分析法和模糊隶属函数法对30份国外引进的大麦Hordeumvulgare品种(系)耐盐性进行综合分析。结果表明:随着NaCl浓度增大,引进大麦品种(系)除SOD、CAT和Pro外,其他指标与对照相比均有所下降。根据综合评价值可知,其耐盐性由强到弱为:22-2522-30DH-116TabighaModaba22-55DH-5522-28TarpgolborKoRvKHEMUSSteptoeHarringtonClipperJrbidCpyrusDH-66PriorMorex22-43TObarleyBarbican22-42DH-40SchoonerDH-127KerabSloopYahudiyaDH-126。     

氯离子在土壤中的扩散: Ⅱ.动力学及热力学性质

The amounts of chloride ions diffused in four soils of different textures at the same water content under different temperature and at varied time were measured by the diffusion cell method using ³⁶Cl-labelled CaCl₂ solution. Five kinetic models were used to fit the dynamic process of the diffusion of chloride ions in the soils. It was found that Elovich equation or power function equation was the best model to describe the process. The pseudothermodynamic parameters, i.e. the net reaction energy, the activation entropy, activation enthalpy and activation free energy of the diffusion, were derived from the absolute reaction-rate theory. The results showed that these parameters decreased in the order of loessal soil > black lu soil > lou soil > yellow cinnamon soil, which indicated that the force and the heat-energy barrier to be overcome for diffusion decreased, the diffusion rate increased and the disorder of the soil-solution-ion system due to diffusion decreased successively with the texture becoming heavier in the four soils.     

广西人心果开花习性研究

对广西人心果开花习性、花粉萌发和传粉方式进行研究,结果表明;人心果1年可开多次花,不同的年份开花期有所变动,花期长。由结果母枝的顶芽形成混合花芽抽生结果枝,两性花,腋生,雌雄同熬,雌蕊和雄蕊在花瓣未展开前已成熟。花在白天开放,结果枝下部的花先开放,再由下到上逐渐开放。花粉在人工培养条件下,其萌发率低,柱头未分泌粘液前和花开放后期花粉萌发率为0．0％,成熟期的花粉萌发率可达5．2％,花刚开放时花粉萌发率最高达10．1％。人心果的传粉方式有2种,一是昆虫传粉,发现花蓟马是主要的传粉媒介;二是靠风的机械作用振落花粉而授粉。花量大,每结果枝平均着花为8朵,但平均落花率高达82．7％。