疏干水资源化利用效益评价研究

疏干水资源化利用是将煤矿开采废水经处理后用于煤化工生产,其不仅可以缓解旱区煤炭及化工企业面临的水资源供需矛盾,而且还能改善生态环境。目前疏干水资源化利用项目已在蒙陕地区部分煤化工企业实施,但其具体效益尚未明了,文中以已实施该项目的煤化工企业为典型,采用静态和动态评价分析企业实施该项目产生的经济效益,定义并计算各评价指标,同时定性定量描述其社会、生态环境效益,构建完整综合的评价体系,从而全面阐释该项目各方效益,结果显示疏干水资源化利用项目经济、社会、生态环境效益显著,建议在行业及区域推广以促进旱区水资源可持续发展。     

农户参与"生态桥"工程项目的认知与意愿分析

通过问卷调查北京平谷大桃种植户"生态桥"工程项目的参与现状,掌握种植户对生态农业认知及其参与情况,了解影响现阶段"生态桥"工程项目农户满意度的原因,并基于此提出改善状况的对策建议,帮助政府更好地推进"生态桥"工程项目的实施,激励种植户参与"生态桥"工程项目的意愿,进而帮助改善生产生活环境,加快生态农业的现代化建设.     

转基因甘蔗BtG-2的T-DNA侧翼序列分析及其转化事件特异性检测

转基因甘蔗BtG-2是利用农杆菌介导法把Cry1Ac-2A-gna融合抗虫基因导入‘新台糖22号’的转基因甘蔗株系,具有良好的抗虫特性和农艺性状。为了明确转基因甘蔗BtG-2的分子特征及其检测方法,推进其生物安全性评价工作,以BtG-2的T2代为研究材料,利用Southern杂交检测外源基因在转基因甘蔗基因组内的拷贝数;利用染色体步移技术分离外源基因在甘蔗基因组中插入位点的侧翼序列,并建立了该转化体高效灵敏的特异性PCR检测方法。结果表明：Southern杂交检测证明外源T-DNA以单拷贝方式插入BtG-2株系;经过3次的热不对称巢式PCR扩增,获得外源基因T-DNA左边侧翼序列984 bp和右边侧翼序列705 bp;以这2个序列和相应的T-DNA的左右端序列分别设计3对检测引物对,建立了BtG-2株系的转化事件特异性PCR检测方法,扩增效率最高的引物对LS011/LA451和RS160/RA588分别扩增到440 bp和428 bp的特异片段。其中T-DNA左侧设计的LS011/LA451检测引物对扩增的灵敏度高、特异性强,能够在甘蔗BtG-2基因组DNA相对含量为0.1%的模板中检测出转基因目的成分,相当于9个单倍体基因组拷贝数。本研究完成了转基因株系BtG-2的分子特征及其转化事件特异性检测,为该转基因甘蔗及其衍生产品的检测和身份识别提供技术依据。     

耐低温耐低氧萌发野败不育系赣野A的选育

赣野A是江西省农科院水稻研究所将东乡野生稻的耐冷性和耐低氧萌发能力导入抗稻瘟病保持系赣香B后再与赣香A测交和回交育成的野败型三系籼稻不育系。该不育系败育彻底,异交结实率高,配合力较强,具有较强的耐冷性和耐低氧萌发能力,在直播杂交稻育种中应用前景广阔。2019年通过了江西省品种审定。     

两种光照下低海拔引种云锦杜鹃的光合作用日变化

以移栽的野生云锦杜鹃Rhododendron fortunei为材料,使用LI-6400便携式光合作用仪,分析10%光照和全光照下低海拔区域引种云锦杜鹃的光合日变化,结果显示10%光照下生长的云锦杜鹃蒸腾速率低于全光照下生长的云锦杜鹃,而水分利用效率高于全光照下云锦杜鹃的60.17%。两种光照下的云锦杜鹃净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化呈现"单峰"型。全光照下净光合速率下降是非气孔限制引起的,而10%光照下则为气孔限制引起。研究说明种植在低海拔环境的云锦杜鹃喜光的特性并不因为温度高而改变,但夏季遮荫措施还是有必要的。     

Impact of climate change on maize yield in China from 1979 to 2016

Climate change severely impacts agricultural production, which jeopardizes food security. China is the second largest maize producer in the world and also the largest consumer of maize. Analyzing the impact of climate change on maize yields can provide effective guidance to national and international economics and politics. Panel models are unable to determine the group-wise heteroscedasticity, cross-sectional correlation and autocorrelation of datasets, therefore we adopted the feasible generalized least square(FGLS) model to evaluate the impact of climate change on maize yields in China from 1979–2016 and got the following results:(1) During the 1979–2016 period, increases in temperature negatively impacted the maize yield of China. For every 1°C increase in temperature, the maize yield was reduced by 5.19 kg 667 m–2(1.7%). Precipitation increased only marginally during this time, and therefore its impact on the maize yield was negligible. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by an insignificant amount of 0.043 kg 667 m–2(0.014%).(2) The impacts of climate change on maize yield differ spatially, with more significant impacts experienced in southern China. In this region, a 1°C increase in temperature resulted in a 7.49 kg 667 m–2 decrease in the maize yield, while the impact of temperature on the maize yield in northern China was insignificant. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by 0.013 kg 667 m–2 in southern China and 0.066 kg 667 m–2 in northern China.(3) The resilience of the maize crop to climate change is strong. The marginal effect of temperature in both southern and northern China during the 1990–2016 period was smaller than that for the 1979–2016 period.     

补播禾草对退化苜蓿草地生产性能及牧草品质的影响

针对宁夏半干旱区7龄以上苜蓿(Medicago sativa)草地退化导致的牧草产量低、品质差等问题，本试验采用单因素随机区组设计，研究了多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、披碱草(Elymus nutans)、苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)补播对退化草地苜蓿主要农艺性状和牧草品质的影响，并利用主成分分析方法(PCA)评价其改良效果。结果表明：补播禾草对苜蓿株高、叶茎比、一级分枝数和干草产量均有显著影响(P<0.05)，其中，补播苇状羊茅干草产量最高，其次为多年生黑麦草和无芒雀麦；补播禾草对牧草粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量有显著影响(P<0.05)；PCA分析得出，补播鸭茅、苇状羊茅综合性状分别排第一、二位。因此，可根据不同改良目的选择不同禾草种类进行补播，苇状羊茅可显著提高退化苜蓿草地生产性能，补播鸭茅可显著改善退化苜蓿草地牧草品质。     

Influence of temperature,humidity duration and growth stage on the infection and mycotoxin production by Fusarium langsethiae and Fusarium poae in oats

High occurrence of Fusarium poae (FP) and Fusarium langsethiae (FL) and their mycotoxins nivalenol (NIV) and T-2/HT-2 have been observed in Swiss oats. Early prediction of mycotoxin levels is important for farmers and the cereal industry to minimize the risk of contaminated food and feed. Therefore, climate chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of different temperatures (10, 15, 20 °C) and durations (4, 8, 12 h) at 99% relative humidity (RH) on the infection of oats with FP and FL. In addition, to discover the most susceptible period of oats, artificial FL inoculations were conducted at different growth stages. Field experiments were performed to observe the dispersal of these fungal species within the field and to investigate the weather conditions that influence the dispersal. The climate chamber experiments revealed higher contamination with NIV and T-2/HT-2 in the 10 °C treatments and with a prolonged humidity duration of 12 h 99% RH. Inoculations of oat plants at early (DC 61) and mid (DC 65) anthesis, led to higher FL infection and T-2/HT-2 accumulation in the grains compared with treatments at earlier growth stages, which might be due to an increased susceptibility during anthesis. No indication for spore dispersal was observed in the field experiments. The results obtained, together with the cropping factors that influence infection and mycotoxin production, could be used as a first step in developing forecasting models to predict the contamination of oats with the mycotoxins NIV and T-2/HT-2.     

Projecting the suitability of global and local habitats for myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) using model consensus

Myrtle rust (caused by Austropuccinia psidii) affects more than 500 known host species in the Myrtaceae family. Three different modelling approaches (CLIMEX, MaxEnt and Multi-Model Framework) were used to project the habitat suitability for myrtle rust at both global and local scales. Current data on the global occurrence of myrtle rust were collected from online literature and expert solicitation. Long-term averages of climate data (1960–1990) were sourced from WorldClim and CliMond websites. Recent reports of myrtle rust in New Zealand were used for validation of model outputs but not in model training and testing. The model outputs were combined into a consensus model to identify localities projected to be suitable for myrtle rust according to two or three models (hotspots). In addition to the locations where the pathogen is currently present, all models successfully projected independent occurrence data in New Zealand suitable for establishment of the pathogen. Climate suitability for the pathogen was primarily related to temperature followed by rainfall in MaxEnt and the CLIMEX model. The results confirmed the optimum temperature range of this pathogen in the literature (15–25 °C). Additional analysis of the precipitation variables indicated that excessive rain (more than 2000 mm in warmest quarter of the year) combined with high temperatures (>30 °C) constrain pathogen establishment. The results of the current study can be useful for countries such as New Zealand, China, South Africa and Singapore where the pathogen has not fully spread or established.     

谷氨酰胺对斜带石斑鱼GF-1细胞中C-Myc蛋白的表达与神经坏死病毒复制的影响

为探讨C-Myc表达、谷氨酰胺代谢和神经坏死病毒复制三者之间的关系,本研究首先克隆了斜带石斑鱼鳍条细胞(GF-1)中的C-Myc基因(GF-1-C-Myc),结果显示GF-1-CMyc基因cDNA全长814 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为285 bp,编码95个氨基酸(aa),有亮氨酸拉链结构域与螺旋-环-螺旋(HLH)结构域。实验表达和纯化了GF-1-C-Myc蛋白,并制备其多克隆抗体。采用实时定量PCR技术(qRT-PCR)与免疫印迹法(WB)检测了GF-1-C-Myc基因的表达和神经坏死病毒的复制。结果显示,缺乏谷氨酰胺会同时抑制GF-1-C-Myc基因的表达和神经坏死病毒(NNV)的复制,添加谷氨酰胺可同时促进GF-1-C-Myc的表达和NNV的复制;此外,NNV感染可上调GF-1-C-Myc基因的表达,并显著消耗GF-1细胞培养液中的谷氨酰胺。研究表明,GF-1-C-Myc基因可调控宿主谷氨酰胺代谢,从而有利于神经坏死病毒的复制。本结果为防控NNV的感染提供了参考。