馥郁滇丁香新品种'香波'的选育

'香波'是从馥郁滇丁香(Luculia gratissima (Wall.) Sweet.)野生种实生群体中选择出的特异单株,经无性繁殖培育而成的无性系新品种.多年生常绿灌木,株高可达2～3 m;叶片纸质,椭圆形,长(16.68±1.35)cm,宽(7.76±0.78)cm,叶背面被秕糠状毛;盛花期花萼形态合抱;花裂片腹面浅紫粉色,花裂片卵圆形,边缘具波折;花冠裂片间无附属物,长花柱,观赏性强.     

Thermal effects on water retention behaviour of unsaturated collapsible loess

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Temperature has a significant influence on water retention curve (WRC) because temperature affects surface tension of water and volumetric behaviour of soil....     

秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对砂性土壤性质及滴灌玉米生长的影响

为探究秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对宁夏扬黄灌区土壤改良和玉米增产的效应,在秸秆还田条件下施用3种不同腐熟剂[生物秸秆速腐剂(SR+BS)、EM菌秸秆腐熟剂(SR+RJ)、有机废物发酵菌曲(SR+OW)],以秸秆还田不施腐熟剂处理为对照(CK),研究其对秸秆生物失重率、砂性土壤理化性状和滴灌玉米生长及产量的影响。结果表明,3种腐熟剂均能有效促进玉米秸秆腐解,其中SR+RJ的秸秆腐解程度最佳,翻埋130 d后其秸秆生物失重率为49.9%,SR+OW和SR+BS次之,3种处理分别较CK显著提高7.1、5.7、5.2个百分点。SR+RJ对改善0~40 cm土层土壤容重效果最佳,较CK显著降低4.2%,同时显著提高了耕层土壤有机质和速效养分含量及生育中后期土壤贮水量,SR+OW和SR+BS次之。施用秸秆腐熟剂能明显促进玉米生育中后期植株生长,其中SR+RJ最佳。SR+RJ和SR+OW对玉米增产增收效果最明显,分别较CK显著增产26.9%、23.4%,显著增收28.8%、23.4%。可见,秸秆还田配施腐熟剂可有效促进玉米秸秆腐解,改善土壤理化性质,促进玉米生长发育,显著提高作物产量与经济效益,以EM菌秸秆腐熟剂效果最佳。本研究为宁夏扬黄灌区还田后促进秸秆腐熟和砂性土壤培肥及玉米高产提供了技术参考。     

Partial replacement of fishmeal with Clostridium autoethanogenum single‐cell protein in the diet for juvenile black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) is a single‐cell protein derived from ethanol production and may have potential to become a substitute for fishmeal in aquafeeds. A 70‐day feeding trial was conducted with black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) (mean initial weight 6.03 ± 0.09 g) to evaluate partial replacement of fishmeal with CAP in diets. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with graded levels of CAP (0, 4.85, 9.70, 14.55, 19.40, 38.80 and 58.20%) to replace fishmeal. The inclusion of CAP at all dietary levels tested did not significantly affect the growth performance (p > .05). Fish fed the CAP58.20% diet showed a significantly lower feeding rate, with significantly higher protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency ratio compared with fish fed the other diets (p < .05). No statistical differences were found in dorsal muscle and whole‐body compositions. Total superoxide dismutase in serum of fish fed CAP58.20% diet was significantly lower compared with that of the control. Malondialdehyde, catalase, total antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activities revealed no significant differences among dietary treatments. Phosphorus retention efficiency significantly increased, and phosphorus discharge showed a downward trend with increasing CAP inclusion levels. In conclusion, the results indicated that CAP is a safe and effective alternative protein source, which can replace fishmeal in the diet of black sea bream up to 58.20%, without adverse effects on growth performance, antioxidation and digestive enzyme activity. This study has shown the potential of converting industrial waste into a high protein feed ingredient for aquafeeds.     

Comparison of Conventional Washing Processing and pH Shift Processing on Gelation Characteristics of Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis) Muscle Proteins

In this study, gelation characteristics of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) protein isolates prepared by pH shift processing were investigated as compared with those of surimi prepared by conventional wash processing. Results showed that the gel from alkali-aided protein isolate exhibited a higher breaking force than that from conventional washed surimi (p < 0.05). However, the gel from conventional washed surimi had higher whiteness (p < 0.05) and lower expressible moisture (p < 0.05). The rheological study showed that protein isolates exhibited different storage modulus and loss tangent patterns from conventional washed surimi during heating. Acid-aided processing could lead to higher denaturation and dissociation for fish muscle myosin and a coarser gel network from the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) pattern and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall, there is a potential to apply pH shift processing, especially alkali-aided processing, to extract more proteins from bighead carp muscle for the production of surimi-based food.     

以GIS为基础的禽流感预测预警研究进展

GIS是一种对地理环境等方面数据进行储存、分析、加工和呈现的综合工具。利用GIS可以把流感病例的相关数据与气候、环境和社会等数据进行整合和分析，通过统计学或数学模型，找到影响流感发生和传播的风险因素，对流感的发生趋势进行预测和可视化预警。国内外学者利用GIS在禽流感风险因素分析和预测等方面做了大量研究，包括对人感染H7N9流感、高致病性H5亚型禽流感、野禽流感风险因素和预测的研究，不同基因型病毒分布特征的研究，兽医决策辅助应用研究等。这些研究对指导兽医流行病学研究人员将GIS更好地应用于禽流感防控具有帮助意义。     

我国生猪价值链各环节生物安全水平调查

为分析我国生猪养殖、流通和屠宰等环节的生物安全水平,提升非洲猪瘟防控工作的针对性、科学性,采用问卷调查和现场调查相结合的方式,对湖南、河南、重庆、辽宁、安徽等5个省(直辖市)15个县(市、区)的196个生猪养殖场(户)、69个生猪经纪人和19个屠宰场进行调查。结果显示:截至2019年9月,调查县(市、区)养猪场(户)数较2017年减少了50%～80%;生猪饲养模式以自繁自养为主,小规模场生物安全措施实施率较低;生猪经纪人行为复杂,如经纪对象多样、活动范围广、兼营其他相关业务、同批次收购不同养殖场(户)生猪等,仍有47.8%的经纪人称还会进圈挑选猪;73.7%的屠宰场运猪车辆没有有效执行离场清洗消毒措施。结果表明,我国生猪价值链各环节的生物安全水平仍有较大上升空间。提议继续推进规范化养殖场建设,加强生猪经纪人管理,加强生猪运输车辆的清洗消毒,促进生猪产业一体化发展。     

园林空间的色彩配置

园林空间是让游人休息、娱乐、放松的休闲空间。园林空间色彩协调,景色宜人,能使游人赏心悦目,心旷神怡,游兴倍增。通过分析色彩的基本原理及园林空间的色彩特点,提出了园林空间色彩配置的要点。     

Distribution and habitat characteristics of three sympatric cetacean species in the coastal waters of Matang,Perak, Peninsular Malaysia

1. Coastal cetaceans in Southeast Asia are poorly studied and are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic threats, especially in intensive fishing grounds.
2. To investigate the distribution and habitat characteristics of cetaceans in the productive coastal waters of Matang, Perak, Malaysia, boat‐based line transect surveys were conducted between 2013 and 2016.
3. The Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) was most frequently encountered at 3.87 sightings per 100 km, followed by the Indo‐Pacific finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) at 1.72 sightings per 100 km, and the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) at 0.66 sightings per 100 km.
4. The mean group size was largest for humpback dolphins (8.4 individuals), followed by Irrawaddy dolphins (6.4 individuals), and finless porpoises (2.8 individuals).
5. Humpback dolphins exhibited a clustered distribution concentrated mainly in shallow estuarine waters (<10 m deep and <5 km from river mouths), whereas Irrawaddy dolphins were more widely distributed in farther coastal waters (<15 m deep and <15 km from river mouths), and finless porpoises were mostly found farthest from the shore in coastal waters (10–25 m deep and >15 km from river mouths).
6. The spatial distribution of the three cetaceans overlapped minimally, and this is likely to reflect the distribution of preferred prey resources, species interactions, and their differential responses to anthropogenic activities and species dominance.
7. The results from our study serve as baseline information for future research, conservation, and habitat management of these vulnerable and endangered coastal cetaceans. Conservation actions are recommended for the Matang area.

     

羊布鲁氏菌病直接经济损失与防控成本效益分析方法构建及实证研究

为了解我国布鲁氏菌病（以下简称“布病”）一类地区羊布病造成的直接经济损失及防控投入合理性,构建了羊布病直接经济损失指标体系和防控成本效益评估方法,并对我国羊主产区4省份17市县的防疫部门和319个养羊场户进行实地走访与问卷调查。共回收防疫部门问卷21份,场户有效问卷301份,涉及124个布病羊场和177个无布病羊场。运用Excel、SPSS等软件,对问卷数据进行统计分析。结果显示：2020年单只布病羊直接经济损失平均为4 557元（不含奶羊）,各省份羊布病损失为 1.8亿~20.4 亿元,其中养羊场户损失占比较高,占总损失的 73.0%~81.0%;各省份政府的布病防控效益成本比为5:1~38:1。结果表明,羊布病导致的经济损失严重,对其防控可取得显著经济效益。建议养殖户及政府进一步加大布病防控投入,而且政府应提高预防性投入比重。本研究为优化布病防控政策提供了技术支撑。