我国生猪价值链各环节生物安全水平调查

为分析我国生猪养殖、流通和屠宰等环节的生物安全水平,提升非洲猪瘟防控工作的针对性、科学性,采用问卷调查和现场调查相结合的方式,对湖南、河南、重庆、辽宁、安徽等5个省(直辖市)15个县(市、区)的196个生猪养殖场(户)、69个生猪经纪人和19个屠宰场进行调查。结果显示:截至2019年9月,调查县(市、区)养猪场(户)数较2017年减少了50%~80%;生猪饲养模式以自繁自养为主,小规模场生物安全措施实施率较低;生猪经纪人行为复杂,如经纪对象多样、活动范围广、兼营其他相关业务、同批次收购不同养殖场(户)生猪等,仍有47.8%的经纪人称还会进圈挑选猪;73.7%的屠宰场运猪车辆没有有效执行离场清洗消毒措施。结果表明,我国生猪价值链各环节的生物安全水平仍有较大上升空间。提议继续推进规范化养殖场建设,加强生猪经纪人管理,加强生猪运输车辆的清洗消毒,促进生猪产业一体化发展。

Bio-safety Level Investigation in the Whole Value Chain of Live Pigs in China

In order to analyze the bio-safety level in the processes of pig production,movement and slaughtering in China,and to scientifically and specifically prevent and control African swine fever(ASF),196 swine farms(households),69 brokers and 19 slaughterhouses were investigated in 15 counties(cities or districts)of 5 provinces/municipalities including Hunan,Henan,Chongqing,Liaoning and Anhui by combination of questionnaire and field investigation.The results showed that,as of September 2019,the number of swine farms(households)had decreased by 50%to 80%compared with that in 2017;the pigs were mainly bred and raised by the farms/households themselves,but the bio-security measures were poorly implemented in small-safety farms;the behaviors of brokers were complex,such as a variety of supply channels,wide range of activities,concurrently operating other related business,purchasing the same batch of pigs from different farms(households);47.8%of the brokers said they might enter pens to select pigs;73.7%vehicles of slaughterhouses failed to be cleaned and disinfected when they left farms.Therefore,the bio-safety level in the whole value chain of live pigs should be improved,and some suggestions were put forward,such as,further promoting the construction of standardized farms,strengthening the management over brokers,improving cleaning and disinfection of transportation vehicles,as well as promoting the integrative development of pig industry.