基于SWAT模型的内蒙古闪电河流域径流模拟研究

以内蒙古闪电河流域为研究对象,采用分布式水文模型SWAT对闪电河流域水文过程进行模拟,模型采用1962～1975年月径流资料进行参数率定,将1986-2001年作为模型的检验期对模型的适用性进行评估。结果表明:实测与模拟的逐月流量总体较为接近,率定期和验证期的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数均大于0.60,实测与模拟的月流量之间的相关系数在0.65以上,率定期的多年平均相对误差小于5%。由于人类活动的影响,验证期的模拟误差相对较大,超过12%。总体来看,SWAT模型参数经多次率定之后,能够较好地模拟干旱半干旱地区的径流过程,在同类地区具有一定的适用性。模拟过程中,对于降水量突然增大的月份,SWAT模型对月径流量的模拟结果往往超过实测值一倍,直接导致整个模拟过程的误差偏大。然而,模拟值与降水量在年内分配上却表现出很好的相关性,降水偏大的月份径流量敏感性大。同时,SWAT模型模拟径流结果受参数影响很大,调整融雪参数值,模拟精度在原有基础上相对提高。     

Solution electrospinning of polypropylene-based fibers and their application in catalysis

Since the dissolution of polyolefins is a chronic problem, melt processing has been tacitly accepted as an obligation. In this work, polypropylene (PP) was modified on molecular level incorporating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as graft segment (PP-g-PEG) in a range of 6 to 9 mol%. Gold nanoparticles were nucleated in the presence of the copolymer chains via redox reaction. The dissolution of the amphiphilic comb-type graft copolymers containing gold nanoparticles (80 nm in diameter) was achieved in toluene and successfully electrospun from its solution. The diameter of composite fibers was in the range from 0.3 to 2.5 μm. The design of the structurally organized copolymer fiber mats provided a support medium for the nanoparticles enhancing the active surface area for the catalytic applications. The resulting composite fibers exhibited rapid catalytic reduction of methylene blue (MB) dye in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) compared to corresponding composite cast film.     

Blood Levels of Selected Metabolic Factors,Cytokines, and Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Arabian and Thoroughbred Horses During the Longest and Shortest Days of the Year

Day length-related alterations of several metabolic factors (glucose, leptin, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1]), cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], and lymphocyte subpopulations [CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, natural killer (NK) cells) were evaluated in Arabian and Thoroughbred horses. Plasma glucose, leptin, IGF-1, insulin, and cytokines levels were measured on the longest day of the breeding season and on the shortest day of the nonbreeding season. Determination of lymphocyte subpopulations was performed by flow cytometry. Glucose and IL-2 levels, CD4:CD8 ratio, and NK cells showed variations that depended on the day length. Mean concentrations of plasma leptin were higher in Arabian horses than in Thoroughbred horses, whereas mean concentrations of IGF-1 and IL-2 were lower in Arabian horses. Day length-by-breed-by-gender interaction was found for insulin, IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels. An interaction was also found between day length and gender for the expressions of CD2, CD3, CD8, and CD19. Correlations were detected between expression of CD8⁺ cells and levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ and between percentages of NK cells and levels of IGF-1, insulin, and glucose. Results suggested that day length and, therefore, season are important determinants or factors in modulating the immune system and could affect lymphocyte subpopulations depending on the sex of the horse. Additionally, it seems that a complex relationship in horses, as in humans and mice, exists between the immune and metabolic system, which changes according to day length, breed, and gender.     

水分胁迫对大丽花光合作用、蒸腾和气孔导度的影响

以大丽花品种‘粉西施’盆栽扦插苗为试材,研究了不同程度水分胁迫及复水对大丽花品种粉西施叶片光合作用、蒸腾和气孔导度的影响。结果表明：随着水分胁迫程度的加深和胁迫时间的延长,大丽花叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和水分利用率(WUE)下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先下降后上升,气孔限制值Ls先升高后下降。轻度和中度水分胁迫下,气孔限制是Pn降低的主要原因;重度水分胁迫下,非气孔限制是Pn降低的主要原因。重度胁迫更早对大丽花叶片造成伤害,重度胁迫下复水后光合指标难以恢复。     

Effect of replacing dietary fish oil with soybean oil on growth performance,fatty acid composition and haematological parameters of juvenile meagre,Argyrosomus regius

A nutrition trial with meagre, Argyrosomus regius was assessed to determine the effect of dietary replacement of fish oil (FO) by soybean oil (SO) on the growth, feed utilization, body composition, fatty acid composition and basic haematological parameters. Six isonitrogenous (47% crude protein) and isoenergetic (gross energy 22 kJ/g) experimental diets were formulated by replacing 0 (FO), 20 (S20), 40 (S40), 60 (S60), 80 (S80) and 100 (S100) % of the FO with SO. Fish were fed three times daily to near satiation for 14 weeks. The specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed S100 diet was significantly lower than the other treatments, except SO80 diet. The fish fed SO100 diet displayed significantly higher feed conversion ratio than that of other diets (P < 0.05). It was observed that fish fed the SO100 and SO80 diets displayed haemoglobin (HGB) levels significantly lower (P < 0.05) than fish fed the SO20 diet. Packed cell volume (PCV) of fish fed SO20 diet was significantly higher compared to SO100. The white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) remained unaffected by dietary treatment. The docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3, DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3, EPA) levels of meagre were significantly reduced by the substituting of dietary SO by FO at the end of the feeding period. The level of linoleic acid (18:2n‐6, LA) and linolenic acid (18:3n‐3, LNA) significantly raised in fish fed with SO diets (P < 0.05). The results of this study showed that SO could be replaced FO up to 80% in meagre diet without negative effect on growth performance and basic haematological parameters. Furthermore, the maximum level of FO replacement with SO determined by second order polynomial regression analysis, was 30.1% on the basis of maximum SGR.     

紫叶加拿大紫荆叶色表达期相关物质的研究

以紫叶加拿大紫荆（Cercis canadensis ‘Forest pansy’）为试材,研究其在山东地区叶色表达期叶片中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青苷与可溶性糖等叶色相关物质的变化。结果表明：在叶色表达期,随着天数的增加,花青苷含量总体呈下降的“M”型趋势,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量逐渐升高,可溶性糖含量的变化为无规律的多峰曲线;叶片中叶绿素（r=-0.681**）、类胡萝卜素（r=-0.757**）与花青苷含量均呈极显著负相关关系,可溶性糖与花青苷含量不相关;叶绿素和花青苷含量呈对数曲线关系,类胡萝卜素与花青苷含量呈指数曲线关系。     

High dietary lipids elevate carbon loss without sparing protein in adequate protein-fed juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima)

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth and nutrient utilization, and carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) balances in juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima) in brackish water. Four isonitrogenous diets (50 % protein) differing in dietary lipid levels from 10 to 19 by 3 % increments (named 10L, 13L, 16L and 19L, respectively) were fed to four replicate groups of fish with an initial weight of 54.4 ± 0.2 g for 9 weeks. Significantly better growth and feed conversion ratio were observed in fish fed 13L than those fed 16L and 19L. The whole body, fillet, viscera and liver dry matter and lipid levels were increased as dietary lipid was increased. Liver protein levels were lower in 16L and 19L than 10L. There was an ascending pattern in the whole-body C levels and C/N ratios with the increase in dietary lipids. No significant effect of dietary lipids on either protein efficiency ratio or N and P retentions was detected. Dietary lipids led to an increase in C losses to the environment. Overall, high dietary lipids when introduced at an adequate protein level did reduce growth and feed utilization without a protein-sparing effect and resulted in higher C losses in juvenile turbot reared, and a dietary lipid level of about 13 % seemed to be optimum.