Detection of Incipient Germination in Malting Barley with a Starch Viscosity Method and a Proposed Ethanol Emission Method

The risk of germination loss during storage in two‐row malting barley can be reduced by identifying grain lots that have undergone incipient germination (IG) during harvest. A method based on starch viscosity that utilizes a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) is currently available for IG analysis. A new potential method, based on the measurement of ethanol emission (EE) from whole barley, may be more efficient and less expensive than the RVA procedure. Three storage experiments were performed: experiments 1 and 3 at 25°C and 80% rh, and experiment 2 in unheated, uninsulated buildings. Decline in germination energy (GE) varied from <1% to about 80% during storage. In experiments 1 and 3, R² for GE loss (expressed as [weeks to 5% loss of GE]^0.2) versus EE was 0.76 in both cases, whereas R² for GE loss versus RVA viscosity was 0.64 and 0.68, respectively. In experiment 2, the greatest loss of GE was associated with high temperatures and relative humidity in July and August. EE performed as well as RVA in the prediction of germination loss in all three trials. Although further evaluation of the EE method is required, it appears to be a promising alternative to the RVA technique.     

The status and protection of notified sites of special scientific interest in South-East England

Records of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) held within the South-East Region of the Nature Conservancy Council were examined. Reasons for site designation were complex and depended upon several flexible conservation criteria, as well as administrative considerations. The wide range of semi-natural habitats concerned were associated with poor, unproductive land, of little value to agriculture. However, SSSI status often failed to prevent damage by agencies such as farming, urban development and forestry, and resulted in a constant stream of proposals to develop or improve the land. Of these, the non-statutory consultations, especially those involving agricultural improvements, were most successfully implemented. Although urban development applications were more frequent, especially in densely populated counties, they were less successful because of existing planning controls.Pressures of all kinds resulted in the loss, or radical alteration of 6% of the notified SSSI area in Kent during an eleven year period (1968–1979), and affected two-thirds of all sites. A number of case studies are used to illustrate the main reasons for these losses, and the likelihood of future damage is discussed in the context of the greater protection measures now afforded by the Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981.     

Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis growth and fish community structure,inside and outside a marine‐protected area in the Baltic Sea

Growth of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L. and fish community structure between sites within a marine‐protected area (MPA) and unprotected sites in the Baltic Sea were examined. Von Bertalanffy, logistic and Gompertz growth models were fitted to P. fluviatilis length at age data, and the logistic model was the most parsimonious for growth between locations. A larger mean maximum size (L_∞) and a smaller instantaneous growth rate (g) were found within the MPA. All three models also predicted that after age seven, fish inside the MPA would be larger. Community structure differed with more P. fluviatilis collected outside of the MPA, and more roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) and bleak Alburnus alburnus (L.) collected inside the MPA. These growth differences may be indicative of recreational fishing effects on P. fluviatilis outside of the MPA, a result of complex interspecific and intraspecific species interactions, or other undetected environmental variation between locations.     

黔北地区主要竹种竹材气干密度与力学性质的关系研究

对黔北地区几种主要竹种的气干密度与力学性质的关系研究表明:各竹种的气千密度与力学性质除部分竹种外均存在一定的曲线或直线关系,其中在气干密度与抗剪强度关系中,除慈竹、花吊丝、毛脚龙竹、金佛山方竹等竹种外,其他竹种均可利用回归方程T12=ap12b,T12=ap12+b进行估测.在气干密度与顺纹抗拉强度关系中除硬头黄、花吊...     

成都平原不同耕作模式的农田效应研究—— II.土壤综合质量评价

 【目的】研究成都平原不同耕作模式对土壤质量性状的影响,探索建立适合当地生产条件的土壤质量评价体系,筛选出适宜该地的耕作模式,为提高当地土壤生产力水平、改善土壤质量提供借鉴。【方法】通过长期定位试验获取不同耕作模式对土壤性状及作物生产指标的影响效应,采用主成分分析的方法筛选评价指标,运用因子分析法对土壤质量进行综合评价。【结果】筛选出的评价土壤综合质量的指标在不同土壤层次存在明显差别：0—10 cm土层的主要影响因子为毛管孔隙度、土壤比重、土壤饱和渗水速率、土壤紧实度、土壤有机质;10—20 cm土层的主要影响因子为总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、饱和渗水速率、土壤吸湿水、土壤紧实度;0—20 cm土层的主要影响因子为非毛管孔隙度、土壤比重、土壤饱和渗水速率、土壤紧实度。其中,不同土层的共同影响因子——土壤饱和渗水速率和土壤紧实度是目前当地土壤质量的限制因子。土壤质量综合评价结果表明0—10 cm土层以麦稻双免耕作模式最好,10—20 cm土层麦免+稻旋最好,0—20 cm土层麦免+稻旋最好。【结论】在本研究的试验条件和当地实际情况下,对成都平原土壤质量具有良好效益的耕作模式为麦免+稻旋模式。     

A review of climate change and the implementation of marine biodiversity legislation in the United Kingdom

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A rapid, seedling-based bioassay for identifying low cadmium-accumulating individuals of Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.).

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