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Disparities in activity levels and learning ability between Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) and Roborovskii hamster (Phodopus roborovskii) 下载免费PDF全文
Hiromi Ikeda Mao Nagasawa Takeshi Yamaguchi Kimie Minaminaka Ryosei Goda Vishwajit S. Chowdhury Shinobu Yasuo Mitsuhiro Furuse 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(3):533-545
The Djungarian hamster and the Roborovskii hamster belong to the same genus of Phodopus. However, the Djungarian hamster is tame and shows sedative behavior, while Roborovskii hamster is not tame and shows high levels of locomotor activity. Hyperactivity occurs in animals with tameless behavior. Tameness or tamelessness behavior is very important because tameness helps for breeding and controlling as well as it enables a strong human‐animal bond. In the present study, we examined the relationships between activity levels and cognitive function in Djungarian and Roborovskii hamsters. Three types of behavioral tests were performed to analyze their activity levels, memory and leaning ability. The levels of L‐ and D‐amino acids and monoamines in the brain were then determined. Roborovskii hamsters showed significantly higher locomotor activity than Djungarian hamsters. Memory ability was not significantly different between the two hamsters, but Roborovskii hamsters showed lower learning ability. Brain levels of D‐serine which is related to enhancement in memory and learning ability, were significantly higher in Djungarian hamsters, but the reverse was true for brain dopamine and serotonin levels. These results suggest that these differences in brain metabolism may be related to the behavioral differences between the two hamsters. 相似文献
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Sanae FUKUSHIMA Kimie NIIMI Eiki TAKAHASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):161-166
The classic piebald mutation in the endothelin receptor type B (Ednrb) gene was found on rolling Nagoya genetic background (PROD-s/s) mice with white coat spotting. To examine whether genetic background influenced the phenotype in the piebald mutant mice, we generated a congenic strain (B6.PROD-s/s), produced by repeated backcrosses to the C57BL/6J (B6) strain. Although B6.PROD-s/s mice showed white coat spotting, 7% of B6.PROD-s/s mice died between 2 and 5 weeks after birth due to megacolon. The PROD-s/s, s/s and Japanese fancy mouse 1 (JF1) strains, which also have piebald mutations on different genetic backgrounds with B6, showed only pigmentation defects without megacolon. In expression analyses, rectums of B6.PROD-s/s
with megacolon mice showed ~5% of the level of Ednrb gene expression versus B6 mice. In histological analyses, aganglionosis was detected in the rectum of megacolon animals. The aganglionic rectum was thought to lead to severe constipation and intestinal blockage, resulting in megacolon. We also observed an abnormal intestinal flora, including a marked increase in Bacteroidaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae and a marked decrease in Lactobacillus and Clostridiales, likely inducing endotoxin production and a failure of the mucosal barrier system, leading ultimately to death. These results indicate that the genetic background plays a key role in the development of enteric ganglion neurons, controlled by the Ednrb gene, and that B6 has modifier gene (s) regarding aganglionosis. 相似文献
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Kanae NIIMI Motoko MORIMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(4):573
To eliminate pathogens, the initiation of an appropriate immune response is critical. When the gastrointestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp), invades the small intestine, a type-2 cytokine response is initiated; however, this response is not sufficient to clear the infection, and chronic infection can ensue. In this study, the host defense against Hp was investigated in mice with a focus on the role of CD4+ T cells. To this end, tissues from the small intestine and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) were collected every day from just after infection until Day 5 because many previous studies have described the later stages of infection from Day 8 to Day 12, during which Hp returns to the lumen and Th2 cytokine expression reaches its peak. In this study, we focused on investigating the initiation of the type-2 immune response. Our results indicated that the larvae encysted by Day 3. Increased type-2 cytokine gene expression started in the small intestine before Day 2 and increased again on Day 5. Interferon (IFN) γ increased significantly on the second day. Flow cytometry and gene expression analysis of MLN cells revealed that CD4+ T cells were not activated until Day 4. These results suggested that innate immune cells in submucosa are activated immediately after infection, but CD4+ T cells accumulate in the cyst zone later. In addition, IFNγ may have an important role in converting type-2 cytokine-producing cells from innate cells to CD4+ T cells. 相似文献
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Kimie NIIMI Ayaka OGUCHI Kenji NISHIO Yasushi OKANO Eiki TAKAHASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(3):345-348
The following is a report on a congenital vaginal malformation, imperforate vagina, in
the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). This anomaly was observed for
the first time in an adult female in our research colony. There was no uterine and vaginal
aplasia or atresia in her grossly normal genital tract. The plasma progesterone
concentration suggested that the ovarian cycle had ceased. However, this may not be
related to a functional anomaly, but rather to suppressed ovulation resulting from
subordination to cagemates considering the various stages of follicular development
observed. 相似文献
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Kimie NIIMI Eiki TAKAHASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(5):784
Wasting marmoset syndrome (WMS) is a serious disease in captive common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) colonies. Because of the high mortality rates, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms is essential. In this study, we compared the histopathology, the number of each epithelial cell in the jejunum and colon, and the expression patterns of some molecular markers between healthy and WMS-affected marmosets. Atrophy of villi in the jejunum and mononuclear cell infiltration in the lamina propria were observed in the intestinal tract of WMS-affected marmosets. Although the numbers of transient amplifying cells and tuft cells were increased, the number of goblet cells was obviously decreased in the jejunum and colon of WMS-affected marmosets compared to healthy marmosets. In addition, the number of enterocytes in the jejunum was decreased in WMS animals. There was no apparent difference in the numbers of stem cells, enteroendocrine cells, or Paneth cells. The expression of β-catenin and Tcf7l2 was increased in WMS, and the co-existence of β-catenin and Tcf7l2/Cyclin D1 was observed around the crypts in WMS-affected marmosets. These findings suggest that cell proliferation continues, but cell differentiation is halted in the intestinal tract due to the enhanced β-catenin/Tcf7l2/Cyclin D1signaling pathway in WMS, which results in malfunction of the villus and mucosa. 相似文献
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Rana Kobayashi Kentaro Nagaoka Naomichi Nishimura Satoshi Koike Eiki Takahashi Kimie Niimi Harutaka Murase Teruo Kinjo Takamitsu Tsukahara Ryo Inoue 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
Fecal microbiota in seven different monogastric animal species, elephant, horse, human, marmoset, mouse, pig and, rat were compared using the same analytical protocol of 16S rRNA metagenome. Fecal microbiota in herbivores showed higher alpha diversity than omnivores except for pigs. Additionally, principal coordinate analysis based on weighted UniFrac distance demonstrated that herbivores and pigs clustered together, whereas other animal species were separately aggregated. In view of butyrate‐ and lactate‐producing bacteria, predominant genera were different depending on animal species. For example, the abundance of Faecalibacterium, a known butyrate producer, was 8.02% ± 3.22% in human while it was less than 1% in other animal species. Additionally, Bifidobacterium was a predominant lactate producer in human and marmoset, while it was rarely detected in other omnivores. The abundance of lactate‐producing bacteria in herbivores was notably lower than omnivores. On the other hand, herbivores as well as pig possess Fibrobacter, a cellulolytic bacterium. This study demonstrated that fecal microbiota in herbivorous animals is similar, sharing some common features such as higher alpha diversity and higher abundance of cellulolytic bacterium. On the other hand, omnivorous animals seem to possess unique fecal microbiota. It is of interest that pigs, although omnivore, have fecal microbiota showing some common features with herbivores. 相似文献
8.
Nagaike M Sakai K Tsuchiya S Shimada F Inui K Uratani M 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2011,24(1):75-79
A subcutaneous mass in the right femoral region of a female F344 Slc/N rat was examined histopathologically. At 83 weeks of age, the animal showed symptoms of severe anemia and nasal bleeding. Necropsy revealed that the mass had invaded the skeletal muscles but did not affect the bones. Multicentric nodules were also observed in the lung. Histopathology revealed a sheet-like growth pattern of polygonal tumor cells with round or comma-shaped nuclei and pale eosinophilic cytoplasm. Osteoid tissue was observed in not only the original lesion but also the metastatic foci in the lung. Each tumor cell was surrounded by argentophil fibers and few collagen fibers. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vimentin, osterix and osteocalcin, but negative for keratin, S-100, von Willebrand factor, CD-31, CD-34, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, lysozyme, α1-antitrypsin and rat malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) antigen. CD-68-positive cells were considered to be infiltrated macrophages because they were negative for PCNA. On the basis of these findings, we diagnosed the present case as extraskeletal osteosarcoma. 相似文献
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Delgado M. VALDEZ JR . Ryoma TSUCHIYA Shinsuke SEKI Naoya SAIDA Saori NIIMI Chihiro KOSHIMOTO Kazutsugu MATSUKAWA Magosaburo KASAI Keisuke EDASHIGE 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(2):205-213
Fish oocytes have not been cryopreserved successfully, probably because it is difficult
to prevent intracellular ice from forming. Previously, we have shown in medaka that
immature oocytes are more suitable for cryopreservation than mature oocytes or embryos, in
terms of permeability. We have also shown in immature medaka oocytes that the exogenous
expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3), a water/cryoprotectant channel, promotes the movement of
water and cryoprotectants through the plasma membrane. In the present study, we attempted
to cryopreserve immature medaka oocytes expressing AQP3. We first examined effects of
hypertonic stress and the chemical toxicity of cryoprotectants on the survival of the
AQP3-expressing oocytes. Exposure to hypertonic solutions containing sucrose decreased the
survival of oocytes, but the expression of AQP3 did not affect sensitivity to hypertonic
stress. Also, AQP3 expression did not markedly increase sensitivity to the toxicity of
cryoprotectants. Of the four cryoprotectants tested, propylene glycol was the least toxic.
Using a propylene glycol-based solution, therefore, we tried to cryopreserve immature
oocytes by vitrification. During cooling with liquid nitrogen, all intact oocytes became
opaque, but many AQP3-expressing oocytes remained transparent. This indicates that the
expression of AQP3 is effective in preventing intracellular ice from forming during
cooling. During warming, however, all the AQP3-expressing oocytes became opaque,
indicating that intracellular ice formed. Therefore, the dehydration and permeation by
propylene glycol were still insufficient. Further studies are necessary to realize the
cryopreservation of fish oocytes. 相似文献