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Hagos Ashenafi Abebe Getachew Büscher Philip Goddeeris Bruno M. Claes Filip 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):769-776
This study was conducted from August 2005 to January 2007 to determine prevalence and distribution of dourine in horses and
to investigate the occurrence of clinical and carrier cases in donkeys and mules in the Arsi–Bale highlands. Study methodology
was based on questionnaire, serological, clinical and parasitological survey. The questionnaire indicated that dourine is
a major health problem of equines in the Arsi–Bale highlands. Though dourine is commonly observed throughout the year, it
has a seasonal character and occurs mostly during the breeding season from June to late September. Serological screening of
646 horses showed a seroprevalence of 184 (28%), 161 (25%) and 125 (19%) for card agglutination test for trypanosomosis, LATEX
and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Risk factors were parity number, previous history of abortion and body
condition score. No trypanosomes could be detected by Giemsa staining or by haematocrit centrifugation technique. Ten puppies
inoculated with blood samples, genital washes and oedematous fluids remained parasitologically negative. Different characteristic
signs of dourine were observed. During the genital stage, mares showed vaginal oedema, discharge and presence of depigmented
scars over the external genitalia. In stallions, oedema of the scrotum and prepuce, prepucial and urethral discharge, and
ulceration of the genital mucosae mainly of the penile were observed. In both sexes, lameness in one or both legs, partial
dragging and stiffness of the hind legs and incoordination were the dominant signs observed as nervous form of the disease. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - A cross-sectional study with simple random sampling approach was conducted from November 2017 to May 2018 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of... 相似文献
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An investigation was made into coccidiosis of 190 scavenging indigenous chickens between September 2000 and April 2001 in three selected agroclimatic zones, in central Ethiopia. This was done through clinical, postmortem and microscopic examinations. Data were processed by chi-square and Mantel-Haenzel test. The study indicated that 25.8% (49/190) of the chickens were infected with coccidiosis and found to harbour one to four different species of Eimeria. Of these infected chickens, 30 (15.8%) and 19 (10.0%) were positive for clinical and sub-clinical coccidiosis, respectively. There was a significant altitude difference (chi2 = 14.7, p <0.001) in coccidiosis prevalence: 42.2% in chickens from highland region followed by 21.5% in mid-altitude and 13.1% in low-altitude areas. When quantified, the prevalence of coccidiosis was 2.66 and 4.83 times higher in the high-altitude than in mid-altitude (odds ratio, OR = 2.66, p<0.05) and low-altitude (OR = 4.83, p<0.001) chickens. The pathogenic Eimeria species responsible for clinical coccidiosis were E. necatrix, E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. With increasing demand for poultry products in developing countries, knowledge of production constraints in traditional management practices could help devise control strategies for constraints on backyard poultry production systems. 相似文献
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Enterococci and Salmonella were isolated from feces of chicken in intensive poultry farms and cattle which are maintained following traditional practices.
Their resistance to different antibiotics was also determined. A total of 298 enterococcal isolates consisting of Enterococcus faecium (49.6%), Enterococcus durans (26.9%), Enterococcus hirea (11.9%), and Enterococcus faecalis (11.5%) were obtained. Among the enterococci, resistance to erythromycin (Ery), clindamicin (Cli), amoxicillin (Amo), ampicillin
(Amp), and cephalothin (Cep) was high. Resistance to vancomycin (Van) was detected in all enterococcal species. Over 80% of
the isolates showed multiple drug resistance. The most dominant patterns in poultry were Amo/Amp/Cep/Pen and Amo/Amp/Cep/Cli/Pen/Van.
Among isolates from cattle, Amo/Amp/Cep/Cli/Ery/Pen/Van and Amo/Amp/Cli/Ery/Pen/Van constituted the most dominant multiple
resistance patterns. A total of 51 Salmonella isolates were obtained from poultry (43/280) and cattle (8/450). About 70% of the isolates had varying resistance to the
tested antibiotics. Multiple drug resistance was observed in over 30% of the Salmonella isolates. The most frequent resistance pattern was Amo/Amp/Cip/Gen/Str in cattle and Amo/Amp/Cep/Cip/Gen/Kan/Str in poultry.
Enteroccoccal and Salmonella isolates showed multiple resistance to those antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. The high frequency of isolation
of resistant enterococci is indicative of the wide dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the farm environment. 相似文献
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Fikru Regassa Gari Hagos Ashenafi Alemu Tola Bruno M. Goddeeris Filip Claes 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(8):1649-1654
Study on comparative sensitivity of parasitological, serological, and molecular tests on 237 horses originating from two dourine-suspected
districts of Arsi-Bale highlands of Ethiopia was conducted to determine the prevalence of the disease and degree of agreement
of the diagnostic tests. Accordingly, the prevalence of the disease was found to be 4.6%, 36.7%, and 47.6% by parasitological
Woo test, RoTat 1.2 and 18S PCR tests, respectively. The seroprevalence of the disease was 27.6% in CATT/Trypanosoma evansi test. In Ethiopia, it was for the first time that trypanosomes from dourine suspected horses were demonstrated in 4.6% of
the animals using Woo test. The findings of the present study disclosed that dourine is highly prevalent and one of the major
diseases of horses in the area. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in prevalence of the disease between districts, sexes, and age groups of the animals. However, there was a statistically
significant difference (P < 0.05) in the prevalence of the disease between emaciated and animals with good body condition. Assessment of the degree
of agreement of the diagnostic tests employed revealed low to fair ( k = 0.1 - 0.4 ) \left( {k = 0.{1} - 0.{4}} \right) with significantly higher sensitivity by PCR than other tests. 相似文献
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Bitew M Andargie A Bekele M Jenberie S Ayelet G Gelaye E 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(8):1543-1547
A cross-sectional serological survey was undertaken in selected districts of different agro-ecology of Jimma zone (Dedo, Yebu,
Seka, Serbo, and Jimma town) from November 2009 to February 2010 to determine the seroprevalence of African horse sickness
virus and associated risk factors of the disease. Two hundred seventy-four equids (189 horses, 43 mules, and 47 donkeys) with
a history of non-vaccination for at least 2 years were selected randomly from the above areas. Sera samples were collected
and assayed for the presence of specific antibody against African horse sickness virus using blocking ELISA. An overall seroprevalence
of 89 (32.5%) was found and it was 24 (51.1%) for donkeys, 13 (30.2%) for mules, and 52(28.3%) for horses. Seroprevalence
was significantly (X
2 = 11.05, P < 0.05) different among the different species of equids. Seroprevalence was also significantly (X
2 = 11.43, P < 0.05) different among the different agro-ecological areas being higher in highlands 47 (40.5%) followed by midland 30 (34.5%)
and lowland 12 (16.9%). Age and sex were not significantly (X
2 = 3.15, P > 0.05 and X
2 = 3.38, P > 0.05, respectively) associated with seroprevalence of AHSV. The present study showed that African horse sickness (AHS)
is highly prevalent disease for the horses followed by mules and then donkeys in Jimma zone explained by lower seroconversion
rate. Therefore, control strategy against AHS should target at high risk species of all age and sex in their locality in the
initial stage for better containment of the disease. 相似文献
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Study on skin diseases in sheep from northern Ethiopia 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A study was conducted to determine the cause and prevalence of skin diseases in local sheep from northern Ethiopia. Of 520 sheep examined 174 (33%) had skin diseases of different causes. The identified causes were lice infestation due to Damalina ovis and Linognatus africanus (21%), sheep pox (8%), sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptic Scab. var. ovis) (4%), dermatophilosis due to Dermatophilus congolensis (3%), and orf (contagious ecthyma) (3%). There was no statistically significant (P > 0.05) association of any of the skin diseases with age and sex of the sheep examined. The occurrence and spread of the diseases were associated with poor management, climatic factors, feed scarcity and inadequate veterinary services. The increasing threat of skin diseases to the development of sheep production warranting an urgent control intervention is indicated. 相似文献