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Crop-water production functions (CWPFs) are a useful tool for irrigation planning, but derivation of CWPFs by field experimentation is expensive, and traditional analytical techniques are not well suited to derivation of CWPFs. Physiologically based crop models provide a useful tool for simulation of agricultural experiments, but they have not been extensively applied to the task of CWPF determination. A new algorithm type based upon differential crop yield response to irrigation (“yield–irrigation gradients” [YIG]) is presented that uses these crop models to determine planning-level irrigation schedules and CWPFs. Three specific algorithms are developed within this type, varying in complexity, performance, and computational costs. Performance of the YIG methods is compared against a standard reference evapotranspiration method. In particular, the randomized iterative YIG (RIYIG) algorithm provides near-optimal results but at the highest computational costs of all the methods specified. All of the techniques presented have general applicability and are not limited to any one crop or location. 相似文献
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Summary Gelprotein or SDS-insoluble gel-forming glutenin was isolated from wheat flour by extraction with an aqueous 1.5% SDS solution. Remarkable intervarietal differences were observed both in amount and subunit composition of these proteins.The amount of gelprotein and the SDS-sedimentation volume both proved to be good parameters for the bread-making quality of wheat cultivars. A high correlation was observed between amount of gelprotein and SDS-sedimentation volume. The amount of gelprotein was therefore tentatively assumed to be the essential basis of the SDS-sedimentation test.The subunit composition of the gelprotein was studied by SDS-PAGE after reduction of SS bonds by mercaptoethanol. It was found that the average bread-making quality of wheat cultivars and progeny of the cross Atlas 66 x Atys which possessed subunits 3 and 10, coded for by chromosome 1D, was significantly higher than that of wheat samples possessing subunit 2 and 11, their allelic counterparts. 相似文献
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Grougnet R Magiatis P Mitaku S Terzis A Tillequin F Skaltsounis AL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(20):7570-7574
A procedure, based on XAD-4 adsorption resin, which permits the obtainment of enriched polyphenolic extracts from Sesamum indicum perisperm (coat) has been developed. Chemical analysis of the obtained extracts led to the identification of 16 lignans. Among them, two new lignans, (+)-saminol and (+)-episesaminone-9-O-beta-D-sophoroside, have been isolated. Additionally, the relative stereochemistry of (-)-sesamolactol, previously reported as todolactol A epimer, has been unequivocally defined using X-ray crystallography. The structures of all new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, mainly by the concerted application of 1D and 2D NMR techniques (HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) and mass spectroscopy. 相似文献
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The onset of ossification centres of the pelvic girdle and leg skeleton of the quail in embryos and juvenile birds were studied. Specimens, which were cleared and were stained with Alcian Blue and Alizarin Red S, were examined at the stereomicroscope. The ilium and the pubis began to ossify at the 8th day (E8), whereas the ischium at E9. Perichondral ossification was observed at E6 in the femur, tibia and fibula. A secondary ossification centre was detected in the proximal epiphysis of the tibiotarsus at the 15th post‐hatching day (P15). The patella began to ossify at P30. Regarding the tarsal bones tibiale, pre‐tibiale and fibulare, ossification was observed at the E15, E12 and E16, respectively. The metatarsals II, III, IV ossified at E7, whereas the metatarsal I at E11. The centres of ossification of the 1st phalanges of all digits were observed at E9. At the same day, the ossification centres of the 2nd phalanx of digits II and III as well as the 3rd phalanx of digit III appeared. At E10, ossification was observed in the 2nd phalanx of digit I, in the 3rd phalanx of digit II and in the 2nd and 3rd phalanx of digit IV. In the 4th phalanx of digit III and in the terminal phalanges of digit IV, ossification was observed at E11. The data presented here provide useful baseline information on the normal sequential pattern of ossification in the pelvic girdle and leg skeleton in this species. 相似文献
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Aris Pourlis Vassilis G. Papatsiros Labrini V. Athanasiou George G. Maragkakis Vasiliki Tsioli 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(4):384-387
This report describes a case of notomelia in a female piglet. The extra limb was attached at the interscapular region and was significantly undergrown. Its appendage was bifurcated with a unilateral keratinized tip. This is probably the first report of notomelia in a pig. The observations were compared with the bovine and ovine cases of notomelia reported so far. 相似文献
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Pourlis AF 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(7):1267-1287
The purpose of this study is to survey the literature pertinent to some morphological traits which are related with the production
and reproduction of fat-tailed sheep breeds. The fat-tailed breeds were identified according to Food and Agriculture Organization
databases. Articles referring to all these sheep breeds were evaluated. The morphology of udders and their measurable variables
were collected and described. The particularities of pelt and fleece features which are important from an economic point of
view were summarized. Linear, planar, and spatial parameters of body, slaughter, and carcass factors were compared at various
ages of breeding. Testicular dimensions and semen characteristics were recorded. Their relationships with productive and reproductive
performance were discussed. The pattern of ovarian follicle development and the involution of the genital tract were assessed
from the anatomical point of view in normal and untreated animals. The data presented here provide useful baseline information
on the normal morphological aspects which are important in the animal production of these breeds. 相似文献
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The evolution of multiple‐insecticide resistance in UK populations of tomato leafminer,Tuta absoluta
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Thomas N. Vassilakos Christos G. Athanassiou Aris S. Chloridis James E. Dripps 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(3):485-494
Contact toxicity of spinetoram was evaluated in laboratory bioassays on concrete, ceramic tile, galvanized steel, and plywood. The efficacy of spinetoram was assessed at dose rates of 0.025 mg (AI)/cm2, 0.05 mg (AI)/cm2, and 0.1 mg (AI)/cm2 in two series of bioassays. The first series was conducted on concrete surfaces, with adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), S. granarius (L.), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). The second series was conducted at the same dose rates on all surfaces against adults of R. dominica, S. oryzae, and T. confusum. An equal number of dishes with and without food were used in both bioassay series. Mortality was assessed daily for 7 days for T. confusum and after this interval all live adults were removed and transferred to untreated surfaces with food and held under the same conditions. After the first week of daily evaluation, delayed mortality was evaluated 7 days later. For all the other species, mortality was measured after 5 days of exposure. The results of the first series of bioassays showed that T. confusum was the least susceptible to spinetoram-treated concrete surfaces. In contrast, all the other species were found susceptible, regardless of the dose and the presence of food. Regarding the comparison of different surfaces, our results illustrate that, with the exception of T. confusum, there were no significant differences among surfaces. The results of the present study indicate that spinetoram was effective against various species on several types of surfaces, and the presence of food did not influence its efficacy in most cases. 相似文献