烟草青枯病生防菌的筛选及其田间防效评价

为筛选出对烟草青枯病有效防治的生防菌,通过稀释涂布法从烟株根际土壤分离到一株具有明显拮抗作用的菌株69-1,经16S rDNA鉴定该菌株为壮观链霉菌(Streptomyces spectabilis),并用该菌株进行烟草青枯病田间防治试验。结果表明,与对照相比,经菌株69-1处理烟株茎围、有效叶片数、最大叶宽、最大叶长、上中下部烟叶单叶干重、最大叶面积、产量均显著增加,且对烟草青枯病的相对防效达60.42%,同时对不同处理组的初烤烟叶进行化学成分的检测分析,发现菌株69-1处理相对于对照组烟叶品质更佳。该菌株菌剂处理不仅可以提高烟株对烟草青枯病的防效,而且还提高烟叶品质和产量,可为烟草青枯病生物防治提供一定参考。     

大豆抗菌核病的全基因组关联研究

找到大豆与抗菌核病强关联的候选位点或候选基因,为抗病基因克隆和抗病分子标记开发提供借鉴,服务大豆抗菌核病育种。对126个加拿大大豆品种的基因组DNA用ApekⅠ酶消化后Illumina Hiseq2000平台测序进行基因分型,供试的126个材料用棉垫接种核盘菌菌丝体进行表型鉴定。采用Structure 2.3.4、SPSS 20.0、TASSEL 5.0和PLINKv 1.07软件分别模拟群体遗传结构、二元主成分分析、邻接法聚类,进行SNP-phenotype和Haplotype-phenotype的关联分析(只考虑加性效应)。最小等位基因频率0.01过滤,得到30 125个SNPs。主成分及群体结构聚类结果中度一致,将126个供试材料划分为2个组群,Kappa聚类一致度检验K=0.44。邻接法(The neighbor-joining algorithm,NJ)聚为3个组群。α≤0.05时,在单个SNP-phenotype的关联研究中,最强关联在3号染色体物理位置34387780、34387823和34387841处(P值都为8.669E-7),可分别解释表型变异的17.80%,其次在20,1,4,17号染色体上。Haplotype-phenotype的关联分析中,最强关联在17号染色体物理位置5575883/5647814/5648648/5734897处(P值为1.038E-6),可解释表型变异的17.56%。200 kb范围内,3号染色体上的候选基因有Glma.03g129100、Glma.03g129200、Glma.03g129300、Glma.03g129500、Glma.03g129800、Glma.03g129900。17号染色体上为Glma.17g071300、Glma.17g072200、Glma.17g073300。     

甜樱桃花芽不同发育时期内参基因的筛选与验证

为了筛选甜樱桃花芽不同发育时期均稳定表达的内参基因,以甜樱桃桑提娜和黔樱一号不同发育时期花芽为材料,通过qRT-PCR技术检测28S rRNA、EF1-a1、EF1-a2、UBC、RPL13、18S rRNA、RSP3、CYP40、ACT2和α-TUB3等10个常用看家基因的表达水平,并利用GeNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper综合评价其表达稳定性。结果表明,EF-1a2和RSP3在所有样品中稳定性最好。分别以EF-1a2、RSP3及EF-1a2+RSP3作为内参基因检测不同发育时期花芽生长素运输载体AUX1基因及生长素响应因子ARF基因的表达模式,该2个基因在不同内参基因标定下表达模式相同。表明EF-1a2、RSP3及EF-1a2+RSP3可作为甜樱桃花芽不同发育时期的内参基因。     

生物炭对亚热带红壤水稳性团聚体及其碳、氮分布的影响

为探究生物炭对亚热带红壤水稳性团聚体结构及其碳、氮分布的影响，针对亚热带红壤选用海鲜菇废菌棒为原料制备生物炭，通过短期盆栽试验，研究生物炭施用下土壤水稳性团聚体及其碳、氮分布特征。研究结果表明:(1)土壤水稳性团聚体均以 <0.25 mm粒径为主，其中生物炭配施化肥处理含量最高，为 65.88%，生物炭能够显著增加土壤粒径 >0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体比例，增幅达到 40.52%；配施化肥、猪粪则会降低其含量，降幅分别为 43.33%、25.33%；(2)生物炭配施化肥、猪粪可以显著提高土壤平均重量直径与几何平均直径；(3)施用生物炭可以显著提高土壤有机碳、全氮含量及碳氮比，平均增幅分别为 154.76%、74.05%、30.16%。综上所述，生物炭施用有利于提高亚热带红壤水稳性大团聚体含量及稳定性，且对于土壤碳氮含量的提升效果更为显著。     

Predictive Modeling for Growth and Enterotoxin Production of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk

Predictive microbiology was utilized to model Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) growth and staphylococcal enterotoxin A(SEA) production in milk in this study. The modified logistic model, modified Gompertz model and Baranyi model were applied to model growth data of S. aureus between 15℃ and 37℃. Model comparisons indicated that Baranyi model described the growth data more accurately than two others with a mean square error of 0.0129. Growth rates generated from Baranyi model matched the observed ones with a bias factor of 0.999 and an accuracy factor of 1.01, and fit a square root model with respect to temperature; other two modified models both overestimated the observed ones. SEA amount began to be detected when the cell number reached 10~(6.4) cfu · mL~(-1), and showed the linear correlation with time. Besides, the rate of SEA production fitted an exponential relationship as a function of temperature. Predictions based on the study could be applied to indicate possible growth of S. aureus and prevent the occurrence of staphylococcal food poisoning.     

福建北部山区中稻浸种催芽技术

介绍了闽北山区水稻生产的现状,种子发芽基本条件,中稻浸种催芽技术及种子催芽过程中常见问题及解决办法。     

Irrigation of paddy soil with industrial landfill leachate: impacts in rice productivity,plant nutrition,and chemical characteristics of soil

Treated industrial effluents have high levels of nutrients and dissolved organic matter. The irrigation of rice by flooding can increase nutrient uptake and grain yield. Therefore, this study evaluated the nutrient contents in the shoots and grain of the rice crop and also the chemical of the soil after irrigation of the crop with leachate of the treated industrial effluent. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using pots filled with 20 kg of soil in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of control (irrigation with distilled water) and four concentrations of the leachate (25, 50, 75, and 100 %) for irrigation. At the end of the experiment, the nutrient contents in tissues of rice plants, sterility of spikelets, and grain mass were evaluated. Results showed that irrigation with the leachate at 25 % content increased the macro- and micronutrients’ concentrations in the shoot biomass and grain, except for potassium and iron. Irrigation with the industrial leachate decreased tillering and grain yield; however, it increased chlorophyll content, sterility of spikelets, and sodium intake at this leachate concentration. The potassium and sodium levels and the electrical conductivity values of soils irrigated with treated industrial leachate were increased. The use of the treated leachate from industrial effluents is an alternative that reuses the nutritional load, but the volume of leachate should be limited and monitored to prevent the sodicity in the soil and problemsdue to eutrophication.     

中稻大田机插与手工插秧简比试验

水稻机械化插秧能够大幅度提高劳动生产率,减轻劳动强度,降低生产成本,达到增产增收的效果。试验结果表明:水稻机插栽培有效穗数多,有利于形成较为合理的群体结构,从而穗粒数较多,结实率提高,产量高,增产效果明显。     

海水倒灌农田水稻栽培技术示范小结

通过对2014年"威马逊"超强台风造成海水倒灌农田后的修复改良水稻栽培技术,包括品种筛选、整地、育秧、水肥管理等试验。摸索出一套海水倒灌农田的水稻高产栽培技术,解决了海水倒灌农田灾区农民的口粮问题,为今后海南沿海地区台风造成海水倒灌农田后的水稻恢复生产储备相应技术。