Disseminated mycoses in a dog by Paecilomyces sp

We describe a case of canine mycoses initially diagnosed by clinical signs and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay anti-fungal test, and later confirmed by the isolation of Paecilomyces sp. during the post-mortem examination. The fungus was isolated from lesions in the kidneys, mitral valve, abdominal aorta and vertebral discs. In this kind of process, it is important to identify the responsible agent early in order to make a study of anti-fungal susceptibility and establish effective treatment.     

Climate‐induced vulnerability of fisheries in the Coral Triangle: Skipjack Tuna thermal spawning habitats

We investigated projected changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and the associated impacts on spawning habitat for skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Coral Triangle region (CT). A multimodel aggregate of SST CMIP5 models for the CT region, based on a comprehensive skill validation assessment, was used to identify the five best performing of 36 models tested for inclusion in a regional multimodel ensemble. Monthly 1° SST multimodel aggregate projections for the CT region under RCP8.5 show that increases in SST, as high as 2.8°C (mean value), will likely occur by the end of this century. Using these estimates of SST change, we applied three parameterizations of skipjack tuna spawning temperatures to assess the potential for change in spawning habitat within the CT region. The three spawning temperature parameterizations were as follows: (a) a square‐wave function derived from catch data with boundaries at 26 and 30°C; (b) a symmetric Gaussian function derived from the SEAPODYM models; and (c) an asymmetric Gaussian function that modifies the SEAPODYM curve in (b) to include the results of relevant physiological experiments. All three parameterizations show similar geographic patterns, with the amount of favourable spawning habitat decreasing throughout the central, equatorial CT region and increasing at higher latitudes. However, the three parameterizations show marked differences in the modelled magnitude of change, with an asymmetric Gaussian function (ASGF) showing a regionwide average of 66.1% decline in favourable spawning habitat between 2015 and 2099. These projected changes in tuna spawning habitats are likely to have important consequences on local and regional fisheries management in the CT region.     

Orthophenylphenol and phenylhydroquinone residues in citrus fruit and processed citrus products after postharvest fungicidal treatments with sodium orthophenylphenate in California and Florida

Sodium orthophenylphenate (SOPP) has been used extensively for >40 years to control postharvest diseases of citrus fruits. Studies of the metabolism of [(14)C]SOPP have identified orthophenylphenol (OPP) as the major metabolite with phenylhydroquinone (PHQ) as a minor metabolite. The whole-fruit tolerance in the United States for OPP is 10 ppm. This study was conducted to quantify terminal OPP and PHQ residues in whole Navel oranges, grapefruit, and lemons following SOPP applications at maximum application rates and following commercial application and fruit storage practices. OPP and PHQ residues also were determined in products processed from treated Navel oranges. OPP residues in lemons, Navel oranges, and grapefruit treated with SOPP using foamer wash and shipping wax applications remained below the 10 ppm tolerance, and PHQ residues were all < or =0.439 ppm. PHQ residues in whole fruit increased with time in commercial storage. OPP residues in all Navel orange matrices except oil remained relatively stable with time in commercial storage; residues in oil declined substantially while in storage.     

Parent volatiles in comet 9P/Tempel 1: before and after impact

We quantified eight parent volatiles (H2O, C2H6, HCN, CO, CH3OH, H2CO, C2H2, and CH4) in the Jupiter-family comet Tempel 1 using high-dispersion infrared spectroscopy in the wavelength range 2.8 to 5.0 micrometers. The abundance ratio for ethane was significantly higher after impact, whereas those for methanol and hydrogen cyanide were unchanged. The abundance ratios in the ejecta are similar to those for most Oort cloud comets, but methanol and acetylene are lower in Tempel 1 by a factor of about 2. These results suggest that the volatile ices in Tempel 1 and in most Oort cloud comets originated in a common region of the protoplanetary disk.     

Activated platelet-derived growth factor β receptor and Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in natural bovine urinary bladder carcinomas

Bovine papillomavirus types 1 or 2 (BPV-1/2) are involved in the aetiopathogenesis of bovine urinary bladder cancer. BPV-1/2 E5 activates the platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβR). The aim of this study was to analyse the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in relation to activation of PDGFβR in natural bovine urinary bladder carcinomas. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis demonstrated that recruitment of growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (GRB-2) and Sos-1 to the activated PDGFβR was increased in carcinomas compared to normal tissues. Higher grade bovine urinary bladder carcinomas were associated with activation of Ras, but not with activation of downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Mek 1/2) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk 1/2).     

Erosive colitis in experimental canine Leishmaniasis

Six 4 month-old beagles were inoculated with Leishmania infantum, three of them intraperitoneally (Group A) and the other three intravenously (Group B). The animals from Group A were killed at 109, 433 and 592 days after inoculation and animals from Group B 109, 171 and 334 days after inoculation. At 350 days (Group A) and 275 days (Group B) after inoculation, dogs started to develop a chronic large bowel diarrhoea. At necropsy a diffuse colonic and rectal wall thickening of gradually increasing severity was observed. Histological examination of the colon showed a diffuse inflammatory infiltration of the mucosa and submucosa by macrophages with amastigotes, lymphocytes, plasma cells and some neutrophils and eosinophils. The surface epithelium developed increasingly extensive degeneration, which caused the development of erosions on the mucosal surface. The crypts of Lieberkühn decreased in number and showed degeneration of the crypt epithelium.     

Laryngeal adenocarcinoma in a dog

Laryngeal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in an eight-year-old female cocker spaniel presented with inspiratory dyspnoea and dysphonia. Nine weeks after surgical debulking, the neoplasm recurred. Post mortem examination revealed metastases in cervical lymph nodes and lungs.     

Comparison of cyclosporin A and dexamethasone in the treatment of canine nictitans plasmacytic conjunctivitis.

Thirteen dogs with nictitans plasmocytic conjunctivitis were treated with 2.0 per cent cyclosporin drops in the right eye and with 0.1 per cent dexamethasone ointment in the left eye. The response to both therapies was monitored for six weeks, repeat biopsy specimens were taken, and the time for the clinical signs to recur recorded. Conjunctival cultures were taken before and after both therapies. There were no significant differences between the treatments in the remission of clinical signs, the reduction of inflammatory infiltrate in the biopsy specimens, or the time to recurrence of the condition or its subsequent severity. However, the eyes treated with 0.1 per cent dexamethasone tended to recover more rapidly than the eyes treated with 2.0 per cent cyclosporin, and the eyes treated with 2.0 per cent cyclosporin tended to be protected from a recurrence for longer than the eyes treated with 0.1 per cent dexamethasone.