Ertragsreaktionen von Zuckerrüben in den internationalen organischen Stickstoffdauerdün‐Gungsversuchen (IOSDV) Rauischholzhausen und Wrocław‐Swojec

Gegenstand der Untersuchungen sind zwei Dauerfeldversuche, die im Jahr 1984 in Rauischholzhausen (Deutschland) und im Jahr 1996 in Wroc?aw‐Swqjec (Polen) mit vergleichbarer Methode und Zielstellung angelegt wurden. Ausgewertet wurden hier die Zuckerrübenerträge im Mittel der dreijährigen Rotation der Jahre 1997–1999 in Abhängigkeit von organischen und mineralischen Düngungsmaßnahmen. Die erzielten Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung der organischen Düngung für die Ertragssicherung im Zuckerrübenanbau. Die untersuchten organischen Dünger Stalldung, Stroh und Biokompost verbesserten die Ertragswirksamkeit mineralischer N‐Gaben.

Die ertragssteigernde Wirkung organischer Dünger war bei fehlender oder niedriger mineralischer N‐Düngung größer als bei hohen N‐Gaben. Auf stark lehmigem Sandboden (Wrozlaw) wurden höhere Ertragseffekte erzielt als auf schwerem Lehmboden (Rauischholzhausen). Die Blatterträge wurden durch die angewendeten Düngungsmaßnahmen stärker beeinflußt als die Rübenerträge. Stroh und Biokompost zeigten die gleichen Ertragseffekte wie Stalldung.     

The past and prognosis of mining cessation impact on river sediment pollution

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Remediation of mine sites is often aimed at reduction of river pollution after cessation of mining activity. However, the effects of these works overlap natural...     

The possibility of application of agglomerate elastomers (EPP) as media for biological bed in aquaculture

The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of experimental media (agglomerate elastomers EPP) application as biological media bed, which serves the purpose of water purification in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). RAS enables mass‐production of fish in small volume of water in a limited area. This involves the possibility of multiple usage of water during culture. However, for that purpose of maintaining proper physico‐chemical parameters, water purification from products of metabolism, especially toxic nitrogen compounds, is required. One of the simplest and most effective ways to achieve it is combining application of two types of water filtration: mechanical and biological. It is needed to study new media for biological bed with proper filling is able to purify water from toxic nitrogen compounds.     

Effect of temperature on growth and survival of maraena whitefish Coregonus maraena (Bloch 1779) larvae in controlled conditions

This 28‐day study investigated the effect of three rearing temperatures, 11, 15 and 19°C, on survival and growth of maraena whitefish fry in a recirculating aquaculture system. Three groups of larvae in three repetitions were reared in recirculating system. Each group comprised 200 larvae. Feeding level was fixed at 500–700 Artemia sp. metanauplii per fish per day. Larvae were fed fresh live brine shrimp at 10 ml/tank every 3 hr. Significantly higher body weight (p = 0.00), total length (p = 0.00), larval yield (p = 0.00) and condition factor (p = 0.00) were obtained at 19°C compared to 15 and 11°C, as well as at 15°C compared to 11°C. Significantly higher survival (p = 0.00) was observed in larvae reared at 11 and 15°C compare to 19°C and no significant differences were observed between 11°C compared to 15°C. No significant differences in size heterogeneity among treatments were found (p = 0.46). In larviculture, the optimal assessed temperature for growth of maraena whitefish was 19°C, with highest survival observed at 11°C, at the end of this 28 days trial. The findings in this study apply to the particular study location and may not be applicable more broadly.     

Maize Voc Induction after Infection by the Bacterial Pathogen,Pantoea ananatis,Alters Neighbouring Plant Voc Emissions

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Plants induce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) after pathogen infection and exposure to a neighbouring infected plant. In a greenhouse, we measured VOCs...     

Phytosequestration of Carbon in Miscanthus × giganteus and Pinus sylvestris L. in Degraded Zinc Smelter and Post-Mining Soils

正Dear Editor,Pinus sylvestris L.is one of the most popular and predominant tree species in Central Europe and Scandinavia.Its cultivation depends on atmospheric conditions,soil fertility,use of fertilizers,and individual characteristics of the trees.Pinus sylvestris L.wood,roots,and needles are used for energy production.Pi-     

The application of tannic acid to the elimination of egg stickiness at varied moments of the egg swelling process in pikeperch,Sander lucioperca (L.)

The aim of this article was to analyse the process of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, egg swelling and to apply tannic acid to eliminate egg stickiness at different moments of the swelling process on artificially obtained eggs. The first experiment involved observation of egg swelling process and the second determined the effect of temperature (12, 14 and 16°C) on the egg swelling rate. The third experiment involved elimination of egg stickiness in a tannin solution (0.75 g L^?1) where eggs were submerged in a solution for 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 min – 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min following gamete activation. The results indicate that the pikeperch egg swelling process lasts 30 min. It was found that the temperature did not affect the process duration. The results of the third experiment showed that the effectiveness of tannic acid application in egg stickiness elimination increases with time. The best result was obtained in groups of eggs submerged for 1 and 2 min (86.5% and 80.5% of larvae were obtained respectively) 30 min following the gamete activation. The results presented in this study for the first time indicate the possibility of highly effective procedure of egg stickiness elimination with tannic acid in pikeperch aquaculture.     

Changes in ide Leuciscus idus (L.) females’ reproductive parameters after stimulation with carp pituitary homogenate (CPH) and Ovopel: the effect of domestication?

Three groups (wild—WS, semi-pond—SPS, and pond-cultured—PS) of ide Leuciscus idus (L.) were examined. Each group consisted of 30 females and 10 males, aged 5–8 years. All groups were stimulated with two agents: carp pituitary homogenate (CPH) and a synthetic hormonal preparation Ovopel. The amount of ovulating females decreased in conjunction with females’ domestication level, mainly because of very low efficacy of CPH for pond-reared ide stimulation. The percentage of ovulating females stimulated with Ovopel (97.0 %) was significantly higher comparing to CPH (63.0 %). No significant differences were found in latency time between the groups but spawning synchronization increased in conjunction with ide domestication. The positive correlation between domestication level and latency time, i.e., the higher the domestication level, the higher the latency time, was stated. No significant differences were found in PGSI as well as in total volume of obtained eggs, but groups differed significantly in the number of dry eggs and in number of swollen egg. Significant negative correlation between domestication level and number of swollen eggs, i.e., the higher the domestication level, the lower the number of eggs, was detected. The survival rate at the eyed stage was the highest in WS group (60.4 %) and PS group (57.7 %), and was significantly higher than in SPS group (51.8 %). Eggs obtained after CPH stimulation had higher survival rate at the eyed-egg stage (60.3 %) than eggs obtained from the fish stimulated with Ovopel (53.0 %). The data suggest that some form of domestication appeared in ide cultivated for several generations in carp pond.     

Motility parameters of perch spermatozoa (Perca fluviatilis L.) with cryoprotectors addition

The addition of cryoprotectants during the freezing of semen in liquid nitrogen protects spermatozoa from the negative influence of freezing. Every species needs an appropriate cryoprotectant that has to be experimentally selected. Semen obtained from five perches was diluted with the Kobayashi buffer solution at 1:9 ratio. To determine the influence of cryoprotectants on spermatozoa motility parameters, the same type of buffer solution was applied with the addition of methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylacetamide (DMA) using the concentration of 10, 5, 2.5 %, respectively, glycerol (15; 7.5 %), sucrose and trehalose (0.45; 0.225; 0.113 M). After the preparation of such tests, parameters of spermatozoa motility were measured, using the CASA system (Image House CRISMAS Company Ltd.). Among used cryoprotectants, methanol did not cause any effect on the sperm motility parameters. The lowest percentage concentrations of DMA, DMSO, glycerol, sucrose and trehalose did not significantly influence the percentage of motile spermatozoa. Higher concentrations of these compounds considerably lowered all motility parameters. As for glycerol and saccharides, their addition resulted in the lowering of the spermatozoa motility possibly due to a higher viscosity of the solution. However, DMA and DMSO were most probably toxic to perch sperm cells. The obtained results indicate that the best cryoprotectant to be used with perch spermatozoa is methanol.