Effect of root applied 28-homobrassinolide on the performance of Lycopersicon esculentum

The roots of 20 days old seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at the time of their transplantation, were dipped in 10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁷, 10⁻⁶ or 10⁻⁵ M of 28-homobrassinolide (HBR) for 15, 30 or 45 min and were allowed to grow in earthen pots, in a net house. The leaves of the plants, at days 30 and 60, possessed elevated quantities of nitrate reductase (NR), carbonic anhydrase (CA) and the contents of chlorophyll. The values for all the above characteristics were significantly higher than that of the water-fed control. The fruits borned at the treated plants were more in number and possessed a lower quantity of ascorbic acid than the control. Moreover, the fruits at ripening, had higher levels of lycopene and β-carotene. Among the treatments, 15 min feeding of 10⁻⁸ M HBR proved best.     

Bergmann glial AMPA receptors are required for fine motor coordination

The impact of glial neurotransmitter receptors in vivo is still elusive. In the cerebellum, Bergmann glial (BG) cells express α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) composed exclusively of GluA1 and/or GluA4 subunits. With the use of conditional gene inactivation, we found that the majority of cerebellar GluA1/A4-type AMPARs are expressed in BG cells. In young mice, deletion of BG AMPARs resulted in retraction of glial appendages from Purkinje cell (PC) synapses, increased amplitude and duration of evoked PC currents, and a delayed formation of glutamatergic synapses. In adult mice, AMPAR inactivation also caused retraction of glial processes. The physiological and structural changes were accompanied by behavioral impairments in fine motor coordination. Thus, BG AMPARs are essential to optimize synaptic integration and cerebellar output function throughout life.     

The effect of chilling,defoliation and hydrogen cyanamide on dormancy release,bud break and fruiting of Anna apple cultivar

The effect of defoliation (DEF) alone or combined with hydrogen cyanamide (HC) on dormancy state, fruit quality and yield of Anna apple cultivar was studied. Trees were manually defoliated on three successive dates, November 15th, December 1st and December 15th. The flower buds (FB) entered the endodormancy synchronized with vegetative buds (VB) for most of the treatments. Most of the treatments terminated endodormancy between January 27th and February 8th during the season 2004/2005 and between January 18th and February 8th during the season 2005/2006. The treatments were effective in dormancy release of FB and somewhat with VB. Defoliation on November 15th + HC recorded the lowest chilling accumulation needed to reach 50% bud break. All the treatments exceeded the control considering the percentage of flower (FBB) and vegetative bud break (VBB) either in the lab or at the field. Growing degree hours and the number of days required to reach each stage of fruiting were differed between the two studied seasons. The control and DEF on December 15th exceeded all the treatments regarding initial fruit set percentage (IFS). The defoliation treatments alone gave the highest yield (kg/tree). Defoliation + HC treatments gave the best fruit quality, while the control gave the least values.     

Effects of electrolyte enhanced water on culturing giant freshwater prawn <Emphasis Type="Italic">Macrobrachium rosenbergii</Emphasis>

In this work, electrolyte enhanced water (EW) was used to determine the effect of EW in culturing freshwater prawns. The giant freshwater prawn juvenile, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, was exposed to different concentrations of EW in experiment 1. The EW was added into the water and labeled as treatment A1 which consists of 1% anolyte and 0.5% catholyte. In the respective treatments, the proportion of anolytes and catolytes are as follows: treatment B1 (1% anolyte and 1% catholyte), treatment C1 (2% anolyte and 0.5% catholyte), treatment D1 (2% anolyte and 1% catholyte), and control (without EW). All these treatments were run in three replicates for each treatment including the control. In the first experiment, the growth of the M. rosenbergii under treatment A1 showed an increased in growth as compared to the control after 56 days of exposure with a significant difference of p?<?0.05. The survival rate of prawns is higher in treatments A1 (73%), B1 (70%), and control (63%) as compared to treatments C1 (53%) and D1 (50%). In the second experiment, the treatment using EW concentration of 1% anolyte and 0.5% catholyte was used as the most suitable concentration for the prawn culturing tested with recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The treatments used in the second experiment was labeled as A2 (EW), B2 (EW and RAS), C2 (RAS), and control. Treatment B2 showed a higher growth and survival rate and was significantly different to the other treatments. The colony-forming unit (CFU) showed a lower count of bacteria in all experiments that used EW as compared to the control. The concentration of 1% of anolyte and 0.5% of catholyte has shown to improve the growth and survival rate of the M. rosenbergii culture when combined with the RAS. This study showed a potential use of electrolyte enhanced water in culturing giant freshwater prawn.     

Crayfish in central and southern Ukraine with special focus on populations of indigenous crayfish Astacus pachypus (Rathke, 1837) and their conservation needs

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