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1.
Feeding Solanum glaucophyllum to preparturient multiparous cows prevents postparturient hypocalcemia 下载免费PDF全文
Junichiro Ishii Akifumi Uramoto Yoshikazu Nagao Hisaya Goto 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(10):869-877
Solanum glaucophyllum (SG) contains 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25‐(OH)2D3) glycosides. We investigated the effect of SG on hypocalcemia in cows. Serum levels of 1,25‐(OH)2D3, total calcium and phosphorus dose‐relatedly increased after feeding with SG, while serum magnesium and chloride levels fell (P < 0.05). We also performed an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) infusion to induce artificial hypocalcemia. Cows that had been fed 4.0 mg/kg body weight of SG daily for 2 weeks had a higher serum concentration of total calcium at the end of EDTA infusion than those not fed SG (P < 0.05). In a field trial, multiparous cows were assigned to one of four groups: (1) no SG, (2) 1.3 g or (3) 2.6 g of SG daily from 14 days before the estimated calving day until 3 days after calving, or (4) a single feed of 35.75 g SG at 3 days before the estimated calving day. The concentrations of serum total calcium after the calving in each treatment group were (1) 7.4, (2) 7.9, (3) 8.0 and (4) 8.9 mg/dL and higher for (4) than for (1) (P < 0.05). The data suggests that feeding a high dose of SG before the calving may maintain higher concentrations of serum calcium after the calving. 相似文献
2.
Miori Kishimoto Sa-Hun Pae Naoyoshi Muroya Hirokazu Watarai Hiroshi Anzai Ki-Ja Lee Junichiro Shimizu Motoki Sasaki Kazutaka Yamada 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2010,11(1):89-91
Caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte (CCO), an osteophyte at the site of joint capsule attachment on the caudal aspect of the femoral neck, has been advocated as a radiographic criterion for coxofemoral subluxation. The correlation between the presence of CCO on radiographs (radiographic-CCO), the size of the CCO (CCO index) on three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) images, and hip evaluation using transverse CT images was assessed in 22 Border Collies. CCOs were detected on the radiographs and CT images of 32% and 100% femurs, respectively. The CCO index correlated significantly with radiographic-CCO, but a large CCO index did not necessarily imply that the CCO was visible on radiographs. Hence, radiographic-CCO findings should be used cautiously in hip evaluation of Border Collies. 相似文献
3.
Shigeya Maeda Toshihiko Kawachi Koichi Unami Junichiro Takeuchi Tomoki Izumi Syunsuke Chono 《Paddy and Water Environment》2009,7(3):163-175
A fuzzy optimization model is developed to allocate allowable total nitrogen (T-N) loads to distributed nonpoint sources (NPSs)
and point sources (PSs) in a watershed for river water quality management using the linear programing technique. The watershed
is divided into uniform grid cells on which T-N loads issuing from NPSs such as paddy fields, upland crop fields and cities
are controlled. A geographic information system integrated with the digital elevation model facilitates computation of route
lengths of surface and subsurface flows from cells to a river running through the watershed. The T-N loads discharged from
their sources are assumed to decay, subject to distance-related first-order kinetics. As management goals, maximizations of
total allowable NPS loads, total allowable PS loads and total yield of rice are considered from environmental and economic
viewpoints. A prime constraint is an effluent limitation standard for the aggregate amount of loads that arrive at the downstream
end of the river. The fuzzy sets theory helps appropriately describe vague attitudes of decision-makers (i.e., stakeholders
and management authorities) in terms of constraints and conflicting goals. An application of the fuzzy optimization model,
developed as an improvement over our last nonfuzzy model, to a real watershed in Shiga prefecture, Japan, demonstrates that
the fuzzy model embodies our last model, and is capable of creating management alternatives for T-N load allocation in a more
practical and flexible manner. 相似文献
4.
Junichiro Takeuchi Toshihiko Kawachi Koichi Unami Shigeya Maeda Tomoki Izumi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2009,7(1):33-43
A cell-based distributed watershed model is developed which enables us to simulate the hydrological and hydraulic aspects
of the watershed in a refined fashion. With three-zoned cell profiling, the model is composed of three sub-models; tank model
for a surface water zone, soil moisture model for a surface soil zone, and unconfined shallow groundwater flow model for a
subsurface zone. Inclusion of the soil moisture sub-model modified to reroute the infiltration, routed from the tank sub-model,
into the return flow and the groundwater recharge features the model. The groundwater flow sub-model, numerically approximated
by use of the finite volume method and the implicit time-marching scheme, considers a network of on-farm drainage canals as
internal boundaries, which is an essential need for modeling the watershed including farmlands. Cascade-linking of the three
sub-models in a cell and assembling of all the cells over the entire watershed domain provides the global equations system
to be solved. Applicability of the model is demonstrated with its practical application to a real watershed in that paddy
and upland crop fields take great part of the land-use practice. It is then indicated in a quantified manner that rice farming
significantly contribute as a major groundwater recharger in an irrigation period to fostering and conservation of regional
water resources. Along with appropriately profiling a cell, the model is so versatile and tough that it can be applied without
difficulty to a watershed of diverse terrains and land-uses and the computations can stably be carried out. It is thus concluded
that the model presently developed could be a powerful “watershed simulator” to investigate and assess the time-varying hydro-environmental
properties of a watershed while separating and integrating the hydrological and hydraulic components of particular importance. 相似文献
5.
Chung Sarit Takeuchi Junichiro Fujihara Masayuki Oeurng Chantha 《Paddy and Water Environment》2019,17(2):255-263
Paddy and Water Environment - In Cambodia, rice production is important for the majority of rural populations as the main source of income. However, historical extreme flood events, especially the... 相似文献
6.
Hideo Ishii Junko Tanoue Michiyo Oshima Wen-Hsin Chung Kumiko Nishimura Junichiro Yamaguchi Fumihiro Nemoto Kazuhiro So Toshitaka Iwama Hideaki Yoshimatsu Motoshige Shimizu Toru Kozawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(6):409-416
Fungicide resistance in plant pathogens is often caused by a single point mutation in a gene encoding fungicide target proteins.
Such is the case for resistance to MBI-D (inhibitors of scytalone dehydratase in melanin biosynthesis) fungicides in rice
blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae), which is caused by a mutation in the scytalone dehydratase gene that results in a replacement of valine with methionine
at codon 75 of the fungicide target protein. PCR-Luminex, a novel system developed for high-throughput analysis of single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was successfully introduced to diagnose MBI-D resistance using specific oligonucleotide probes
coupled with fluorescent beads. The PCR-Luminex system was further tested for its potential in identifying species causing
Fusarium head blight on wheat. Four major pathogens, Fusarium graminearum (=F. asiaticum), F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, and Microdochium nivale, known to cause the disease, were tested, and the species were identified using the PCR-Luminex method. So far, this report
is the first on the application of the DNA-based PCR-Luminex system in the area of crop protection and/or agricultural sciences. 相似文献
7.
Junichiro Takeuchi Toshihiko Kawachi Chie Imagawa Natsuki Buma Koichi Unami Shigeya Maeda 《Paddy and Water Environment》2010,8(2):145-156
A sophisticated modeling approach for simulating-coupled surface and subsurface flows in a watershed is presented. The watershed
model developed is a spatially distributed physically based model of composite dimension, consisting of 3-D variably saturated
groundwater flow submodel, 2-D overland flow submodel and 1-D river flow submodel. The 3-D subsurface flow is represented
by the complete Richards equation, while the 2-D and 1-D surface flows by the diffusive approximations of their complete dynamic
equations. For piecewise integration of these equations, the finite volume method (FVM) is employed assuming unknown variables
such as the water depth and the pressure head to be volume-averaged state ones. Problem plane geometry is meshed with the
unstructured cells of triangular shape which conforms to external as well as internal irregular boundaries such as those between
1-D and 2-D flows. A cell size controlling scheme, referred to as quasi-adaptive meshing scheme, is introduced to keep the
local discretization errors caused by topographic elevation gradient even over the entire-meshed geometry. Performance of
the model is tested through its practical application to a rugged intermountain watershed. Tuning the values of the three
key parameters ensures successful calibration of the model. Once the model is so calibrated, it could reproduce satisfactory
runoff response to any rainfall event. Expansion and shrinkage of the contributing area importantly affecting the direct runoff,
caused by the vicissitude of rainfall during its total duration, are well reproduced, like what the commonly accepted runoff
theory argues. It is thus concluded that the model developed could serve as a powerful watershed simulator usable for investigating
and assessing the hydrological aspect of a watershed. 相似文献
8.
Miori Kishimoto Kazutaka Yamada Ryo Tsuneda Junichiro Shimizu Toshiroh Iwasaki Yoh-Ichi Miyake 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(3):233-237
The characteristics of contrast media formulation (mgI/ml, osmolarity, and viscosity) are generally not considered important in computed tomography (CT) angiography in animals. The purpose of this study was to assess the contrast effect in CT angiography as a function of contrast media formulation, with a constant iodine dose. The contrast effects of three contrast media with different iodine concentrations were compared by administering identical iodine dosages (mgI/kg). The contrast effects of the three contrast media differed, and the area under the time-attenuation curve of iohexol 350 mgI/ml, which had the highest iodine concentration, was the lowest. It was hypothesized that the contrast effect of a contrast medium decreases with higher iodine concentration because of the high amount of residual iodine present in the circulatory system from the injection site to the portion immediately before the great vessels. In addition, the influence of osmotic dilution on contrast media with high osmolarity was also considered. In conclusion, the contrast effect varies with different contrast media formulations, even when the same iodine dosage is administered. 相似文献
9.
Akiyoshi H Sugii S Nahid MA Sone K Tanaka T Zheng C Yijyun L Aoki M Takenaka S Shimada T Shimizu J Kiyomiya K Ohashi F 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,144(3-4):255-258
The reactivity of different lectins with crude chromogranin A (CgA) obtained from different animals, namely, cow, horse, dog, pig, and dolphin, was examined to identify lectin(s) that would be useful as coating reagent(s) in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the different lectins studied, the Amaranthus caudatus lectin (ACA), which is specific for the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T)-antigen (Galβ1-3GalNAc), was found to react with the CgA from different animals by western blotting. Purified rabbit anti-bovine CgA antibody was also found to cross-react with the crude CgA preparations. On the basis of these findings, a sandwich ELISA was developed with ACA as the coating reagent and anti-bovine CgA antibody as the probing antibody. Using this method, concentration-dependent curves ranging from 0.003 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL and from 0.02 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL were obtained for bovine CgA and canine CgA, respectively. Similarly, concentration-dependent curves were obtained for the equine, swine, and dolphin crude CgA extracts. Thus, ACA is concluded to be a valuable reagent for CgA detection in crude extracts from different animal species, and for CgA isolation/purification. 相似文献
10.
Lee KJ Sasaki M Miyauchi A Kishimoto M Shimizu J Iwasaki T Miyake Y Yamada K 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(1):128-130
This report describes the use of computed tomography (CT) in a nondomestic species. Postmortem CT was performed on a red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) and a diagnosis of oral osteomyelitis was made. CT examination revealed bony remodeling of the right mandible, an intraosseous lesion of the right temporal bone, muscle necrosis around the right mandible, and the absence of the right, first, upper molar tooth. Cardiac and intrahepatic gas and a distended intestine due to postmortem gas accumulation were also seen. All the lesions identified with CT were also identified by conventional necropsy, except the cardiac and intrahepatic gases. Virtopsy may be a useful procedure for the noninvasive identification of cause of death and as a guide for necropsy in animals. 相似文献