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The present study investigated the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and air temperature on the germination of seed bulbils and the seedling vigour of two Chinese yam lines. Plants were grown under two [CO2] levels, ambient and elevated (ambient + 200 μmol mol?1), and two mean air temperature regimes, 22.2 °C (ambient + 1.4 °C) and 25.6 °C (ambient + 5.2 °C). Elevated [CO2] did not affect bulbil germination under both air temperature regimes. During the early growth stage, the dry weight (DW) of leaves, vines, shoots, roots, belowground parts (roots + tubers) and whole plants were higher under elevated [CO2] than ambient [CO2] for both lines under the low- and high-temperature regimes. The values of vigour indexes (index I = germination % × seedling length and index II = germination % × seedling DW) were also higher under elevated [CO2] than ambient [CO2] for both lines. These results indicated that Chinese yam seedlings respond positively to elevated [CO2] during the early growth stage. The above:belowground DW ratios were lower under elevated [CO2] than ambient [CO2] in seedlings with very small new tubers for both yam lines, indicating that elevated [CO2] strongly affected the root growth in the early growth stage. The DWs of post-treatment seed bulbils were higher in the elevated [CO2] under both air temperature regimes. The results showed that Chinese yam used a smaller amount of the reserves in seed bulbils under elevated [CO2] than under ambient [CO2]. 相似文献
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Effects of utilization of local food by‐products as total mixed ration silage materials on fermentation quality and intake,digestibility, rumen condition and nitrogen availability in sheep 下载免费PDF全文
Srita Yani Kyohei Ishida Shuzo Goda Shigeyoshi Azumai Tomoyuki Murakami Masayuki Kitagawa Kanji Okano Kazato Oishi Hiroyuki Hirooka Hajime Kumagai 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(2):174-180
Four wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate in vivo digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage with food by‐products for dairy cows, and the ruminal condition and nitrogen (N) balance were examined. Five by‐products (i.e. potato waste, noodle waste, soybean curd residue, soy sauce cake and green tea waste) were obtained. Four types of TMR silage were used: control (C) containing roughage and commercial concentrate, T1:20% and T1:40% containing the five by‐products replacing 20% and 40% of the commercial concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively, and T2:40% containing three by‐products (potato waste, noodle waste and soybean curd residue) replacing 40% of the commercial concentrate on a DM basis. The ingredients were mixed and preserved in oil drum silos for 4 months. The TMR silages showed 4.02–4.44% and 1.75–2.19% for pH and lactic acid contents, respectively. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrient content were higher (P < 0.05) for T2:40% feeding than for C feeding. Urinary nitrogen excretion tended to be lower (P = 0.07) for T2:40% than for C. The results suggested 40% replacing of commercial concentrate by using the three food by‐products can be most suitable for TMR silage. 相似文献
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Kimiko HONSHO Michiko HIROSE Masanori HATORI Lubna YASMIN Haruna IZU Shogo MATOBA Sumie TOGAYACHI Hiroyuki MIYOSHI Tadashi SANKAI Atsuo OGURA Arata HONDA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(1):13-19
Quality evaluation of pluripotent stem cells using appropriate animal models needs to be improved for human regenerative medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that although the in vitro neural differentiating capacity of rabbit induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be mitigated by improving their baseline level of pluripotency, i.e., by converting them into the so-called “naïve-like” state, the effect after such conversion of rabbit embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains to be elucidated. Here we found that naïve-like conversion enhanced the differences in innate in vitro differentiation capacity between ESCs and iPSCs. Naïve-like rabbit ESCs exhibited several features indicating pluripotency, including the capacity for teratoma formation. They differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes much more effectively (3.3–7.2 times) than naïve-like iPSCs. This suggests an inherent variation in differentiation potential in
vitro among PSC lines. When naïve-like ESCs were injected into preimplantation rabbit embryos, although they contributed efficiently to forming the inner cell mass of blastocysts, no chimeric pups were obtained. Thus, in vitro neural differentiation following naïve-like conversion is a promising option for determining the quality of PSCs without the need to demonstrate chimeric contribution. These results provide an opportunity to evaluate which pluripotent stem cells or treatments are best suited for therapeutic use. 相似文献
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Masato HIYAMA Ken Takeshi KUSAKABE Ai TAKESHITA Sinji SUGI Nobue KUNIYOSHI Hiroyuki IMAI Kiyoshi KANO Yasuo KISO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(3):305-311
LC3 − the mammalian homolog of Atg8 − was found as autophagosome membrane binding protein
in mammals and widely used as an autophagosomal marker. LC3A, B and C show different
expression patterns in each tissue. The aim of this study was to reveal the differences of
expression patterns among LC3 families in mouse placenta under normal condition and
nutrient starving condition. LC3A and B were highly expressed in decidual cells. LC3A and
B were increased in D14 compared with D12 and D16 in mouse placenta, while LC3C was
decreased. Starvation induced increase in LC3B expression specifically.
Immunohistochemistry showed different expression patterns among LC3A, B and C. LC3A
expression in syncytiotrophoblast was vanished by starvation. The results of real time
RT-PCR suggested differences between D12 and D16 in autophagic cascade induced by
starvation. Taken together, this study suggests that autophagy could play a role in
placental invasion system and that nutrient starvation affects LC3B expression. 相似文献
7.
Sujan KC Yamamoto Hiroyuki Matsuo Miyuki Yoshida Masato Naito Kazuhiro Shirai Tatsuya 《Wood Science and Technology》2015,49(6):1157-1169
Wood Science and Technology - Tension wood, when kiln-dried, is likely to deform hugely, which is probably caused by a gelatinous layer of the gelatinous fiber. To elucidate the mechanism behind... 相似文献
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Hidekatsu Yamazaki Wataru Aoyama Eiji Masunaga Mamoru Tanaka 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(4):1107-1116
A field campaign was conducted around salmon cages, using a combination of a towed ADCP and a free‐fall multi‐parameter profiler, in order to investigate flow structures and the possible distribution of effluent materials. Two transect observations showed that hydrographic conditions changed dramatically within 5 days, from highly stratified open water conditions to weak stratification. Three‐dimensional observation revealed that flow was blocked behind the cages and that the blockage was reduced as the distance from the cages increased. The flow speed was positively correlated with the intensity of the backscattering signal. The R2 value was high immediately behind the cages and decreased with distance from the cages. The flow time series behind the cages exhibited a k–2 power law spectrum that was consistent with a typical internal wave spectrum. This suggests that eddies shed from the cages were highly influenced by stratification. We estimated the rate of kinetic energy dissipation, , from YODA Profiler data based on the Thorpe scale approach. We also estimated the eddy diffusivity coefficient, . Both and followed a lognormal probability density function. The mean was consistent with a one‐dimensional diffusion model assessed from the R2 values of flow speed and backscatter intensity. 相似文献